Abstract
Neurolymphomatosis (NL) describes an infiltration of cranial and peripheral nerves by lymphoma cells, most frequently in non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. This clinical entity is rare and poses a challenging diagnosis. We describe a case of a 64-year-old female patient with NL associated with extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), nasal type, presenting as a painful progressive mononeuropathy multiplex with an oral cavity lesion. ENKTL is usually associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and rarely affects the central and peripheral nervous system. Lumbar puncture, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nerve biopsy, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) help to establish the diagnosis. Thereby, NL should be considered in the differential diagnosis of painful progressive multiple neuropathies, even in patients without previous history of cancer.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ghosh S et al (2022) Primary extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma presenting as neurolymphomatosis involving multiple cranial nerves: a case report. Acta Haematol 145(1):97–105. https://doi.org/10.1159/000518797
Pan Q, Luo Y (2020) Recurrence of nasal type NK/T cell lymphoma presenting as neurolymphomatosis on 18F-FDG PET/CT: a case report and literature review. Med (United States) 99(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000018640
Shimizu I et al (2014) Neurolymphomatosis in a patient with extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal-type: a case report and literature review. Intern Med 53(5):471–475. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.53.0262
Shree R et al (2016) The diagnostic dilemma of neurolymphomatosis. J Clin Neurol 12(3):274–281. https://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2016.12.3.274
Aboueldahab N, Shafik MA, Megahed A, Vesselle H (2021) Neurolymphomatosis; a case report. Clin Imaging 80(July):329–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinimag.2021.08.016
Kim SJ et al (2016) A prognostic index for natural killer cell lymphoma after non-anthracycline-based treatment: a multicentre, retrospective analysis. Lancet Oncol 17(3):389–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(15)00533-1
Alazawi S et al (2021) Neurolymphomatosis of the median nerve, optic nerve, L4 spinal nerve root and cauda equina in patients with B-cell malignancies: a case series. J Med Case Rep 15(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-021-02714-8
Li V, Jaunmuktane Z, Cwynarski K, Carr A (2019) Diagnostic delay in a case of T-cell neurolymphomatosis. BMJ Case Rep 12(12):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-232538
Yi FF, Luo SS, Zhu WH, Zhao CB (2017) Neurolymphomatosis caused by nasal-type extranodal natural killer/T-cell Lymphoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 130(5):625–626. https://doi.org/10.4103/0366-6999.200547
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical approval and informed consent.
The authors have obtained written informed consent from the patient for the publication of this paper.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The authors declare that the paper is original, and the manuscript has not been submitted to other publications.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Silva, M.I., Santos, P., Viegas, D. et al. Neurolymphomatosis as primary presentation of extra-nodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. Neurol Sci (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-024-07445-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-024-07445-4