SpringerLink
Log in

Impact of urbanization on urban heat island intensity-a case study of Larkana City, Sindh, Pakistan

  • Research
  • Published:
Theoretical and Applied Climatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The climate change is one of the important problem of the current situation in the world. The urban heat island intensity is a major problem of increasing the climate condition in the developed and develo** countries. In current situation, the growth of population in the Pakistan causes over population in the cities. The population of Larkana is increasing rapidly day by day. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of Urbanization on the Climate. In this proposed research study, two types of data were collected (i) satellite data of Thematic Mapper (TM) Landsat 5 which was downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) of 1990, 2000, and 2010, furthermore satellite data of 2023 downloaded the Landsat 8 from USGS. (ii) Second data used from secondary sources of population census report of Pakistan 1981, 1998, 2017 and 2023 was collected from the Pakistan Statistics Bureau. The land surface temperature was found from satellite data of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2023. The average temperature in 1990 was 4.25 0C greater than 2000 in summer season and average temperature of 2010 was 4.73 0C less than from 2023 in summer season. The average temperature in 1990 was 3.15 0C less than from 2000 in winter season and in 2022 was 1 0C higher than 2010 in winter season average temperature. Recently census reported above 579,000 populations lived in the urban city of Larkana. The shape file of the Larkana classification total area showed 41 Square kilometers. The supervised classification showed that settlement increased from 8.16 Square kilometers in 1990 to 23.98 Square kilometers in 2023. The correlation was shown between urban expansion and the growth of population strongly positive to each other. Another finding relationship between urban heat islands with urban expansion that correlation showed a positive relationship between each other.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

References

  • Boori MS, Choudhary K, Kupriyanov A, Kovelskiy V (2016) Satellite data for Singapore, Manila and Kuala Lumpur city growth analysis. Data in Brief 7:1576–1583

  • Brauer M, Hystad P (2014) Commentary: cities and health… let me count the ways. Epidemiology 25(4):526–527

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan AP, Yam MC, Chung JW, Yi W (2012) Develo** a heat stress model for construction workers. J Facil Manag 10(1):59–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen G, He M, Li N, He H, Cai Y, Zheng S (2020) A method for selecting the typical days with full urban heat island development in hot and humid area, case study in Guangzhou, China. Sustain 13(1):320

  • Choudhury D, Das K, Das A (2019) Assessment of land use land cover changes and its impact on variations of land surface temperature in Asansol-Durgapur Development Region. Egypt J Remote Sensing and Space Sci 22(2):203–218 

  • Collier CG (2006) The impact of urban areas on weather. QJR Meteorol Soc: A J Atmos Sci Appl Meteorol Phys Oceanogr 132(614):1–25

  • Elmqvist T, Andersson E, Frantzeskaki N, McPhearson T, Olsson P, Gaffney O et al (2019) Sustainability and resilience for transformation in the urban century. Nat Sustain 2(4):267–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garg A, Pal D, Singh H, Pandey DC (2016) A comparative study of NDBI, NDISI and NDII for extraction of urban impervious surface of Dehradun [Uttarakhand, India] using Landsat 8 imagery. In: 2016 Int Conf Emerg Trends Commun Technol (ETCT), pp 1–5. IEEE

  • Grimm NB, Faeth SH, Golubiewski NE, Redman CL, Wu J, Bai X, Briggs JM (2008) Global change and the ecology of cities. Science 319(5864):756–760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Irfeey AMM, Chau HW, Sumaiya MMF, Wai CY, Muttil N, Jamei E (2023) Sustainable mitigation strategies for urban heat island effects in urban areas. Sustainability 15(14):10767

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobs C, Singh T, Gorti G, Iftikhar U, Saeed S, Syed A, Siderius C (2019) Patterns of outdoor exposure to heat in three South Asian cities. Sci Total Environ 674:264–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khan N, Shahid S, Ahmed K, Wang X, Ali R, Ismail T, Nawaz N (2020) Selection of GCMs for the projection of spatial distribution of heat waves in Pakistan. Atmos Res 233:104688

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar BP, Babu KR, Ramachandra M, Krupavathi C, Swamy BN, Sreenivasulu Y, Rajasekhar M (2020) Data on identification of desertified regions in Anantapur district, Southern India by NDVI approach using remote sensing and GIS. Data Brief 30:105560

  • Lahiri-Dutt, K. (2006). ‘May God give us chaos, so that we can plunder’: A critique

    Google Scholar 

  • Li C, Gu X, Slater LJ, Liu J, Li J, Zhang X, Kong D (2023) Urbanization-induced increases in heavy precipitation are magnified by moist heatwaves in an urban agglomeration of East China. J Climate 36(2):693–709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  •  Liu F, Zhang X, Murayama Y, Morimoto T (2020) Impacts of land cover/use on the urban thermalenvironment: a comparative study of 10 megacities in China. Remote Sensing 12(2):307

  • Malik MS, Shukla JP (2019) GIS modeling approach for assessment of groundwater vulnerability in parts of Tawa river catchment area, Hoshangabad, Madhya Pradesh, India. Groundw Sustain Dev 9:100249

  • Meerow S, Newell JP (2019) Urban resilience for whom, what, when, where, and why? Urban Geogr 40(3):309–329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meerow S, Newell JP, Stults M (2016) Defining urban resilience: A review. Landsc Urban Plan 147:38–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishra V, Ganguly AR, Nijssen B, Lettenmaier DP (2015) Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas. Environ Res Lett 10(2):024005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pattanayak SP, Diwakar SK (2018) Seasonal comparative study of NDVI, NDBI and NDWI of Hyderabad City (Telangana) based on LISS-III image using remote sensing and DIP. Khoj: an Int Peer Rev J Geogr 5(1):78–86

  • Phelan PE, Kaloush K, Miner M, Golden J, Phelan B, Silva H III, Taylor RA (2015) Urban heat island: mechanisms, implications, and possible remedies. Annu Rev Environ Resour 40:285–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Qian Y, Chakraborty TC, Li J, Li D, He C, Sarangi C, Leung LR (2022) Urbanization impact on regional climate and extreme weather: Current understanding, uncertainties, and future research directions. Adv Atmos Sci 39(6):819–860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rizvi SH, Fatima H, Alam K, Iqbal MJ (2021) The surface urban heat island intensity and urban expansion: A comparative analysis for the coastal areas of Pakistan. Environ Dev Sustain 23:5520–5537

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robine JM, Cheung SLK, Le Roy S, Van Oyen H, Griffiths C, Michel JP, Herrmann FR (2008) Death toll exceeded 70,000 in Europe during the summer of 2003. C R Biol 331(2):171–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadashivam T, Tabassu S (2016) Trends of urbanization in India: issues and challenges in the 21st century. Int J Inf Res Rev 3(5):2375–2384

    Google Scholar 

  • Sadiq Khan M, Ullah S, Sun T, Rehman AU, Chen L (2020) Land-use/land-cover changes and its contribution to urban heat Island: A case study of Islamabad, Pakistan. Sustainability 12(9):3861

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sahu AS (2014) A study on Moyna Basin water-logged areas (India) using remote sensing and GIS methods and their contemporary economic significance. Geogr J 2014

  • Sajjad SH, Batool R, Qadri ST, Shirazi SA, Shakrullah K (2015) The long-term variability in minimum and maximum temperature trends and heat island of Lahore city, Pakistan. Sci Int 27(2):1321–1325

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwaab J, Meier R, Mussetti G, Seneviratne S, Bürgi C, Davin EL (2021) The role of urban trees in reducing land surface temperatures in European cities. Nat Commun 12(1):6763

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seto KC, Güneralp B, Hutyra LR (2012) Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc Natl Acad Sci 109(40):16083–16088

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stewart ID, Krayenhoff ES, Voogt JA, Lachapelle JA, Allen MA, Broadbent AM (2021) Time evolution of the surface urban heat island. Earths Future 9(10):e2021EF002178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sumner A (2012) Where do the world's poor live? A new update. IDS Work Pap 2012(393):1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Suresh, S., Meraj, G., Kumar, P., Singh, D., Khan, I. D., Gupta, A., & Avtar, R. (2023). Disease Dynamics in a Changing Climate: Impact of Urbanization and Temperature Variability on Infectious Diseases in Coimbatore.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations (2018) World urbanization prospects, department of economic and social affairs population division. https://population.un.org/wup/Publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf

  • Wang X, Liu G, Zhang N, Liu H, Tang X, Lyu M, Meng H (2023) Effects of cooling roofs on mitigating the urban heat island and human thermal stress in the Pearl River Delta, China. Build Environ 245:110880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • WHO (2016) WHO global urban ambient air pollution database (update 2016). World Health Organization

  • Zhao L, Oleson K, Bou-Zeid E, Krayenhoff ES, Bray A, Zhu Q, Oppenheimer M (2021) Global multi-model projections of local urban climates. Nat Clim Change 11(2):152–157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou D, Zhao S, Zhang L, Liu S (2016) Remotely sensed assessment of urbanization effects on vegetation phenology in China's 32 major cities. Remote Sens Environ 176:272–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zuo J, Ma J, Lin T, Dong J, Lin M, Luo J (2022) Quantitative valuation of green roofs’ cooling effects under different urban spatial forms in high-density urban areas. Build Environ 222:109367

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Authors says thanks to University of sindh to facilated the labortortory for research work

Funding

Authors have no funding source availables.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan

    Muhammad Umar Lanjwani & Muhammad Hussain

  2. Department of Geography, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

    Muhammad Umar Lanjwani & Khalida Sodhar

  3. Dr. M.A.Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan

    Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani

Authors
  1. Muhammad Umar Lanjwani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Muhammad Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Khalida Sodhar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

The Muhammad Umar Lanjwani was collected the data and wrote the main draft, Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani wrote the manuscript and wrote the statistical analysis section, Muhammad Hussain give methodology for collection the data and Khalida Sodhar helped for the preparation of the manuscript and final checking.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Muhammad Farooque Lanjwani.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lanjwani, M.U., Lanjwani, M.F., Hussain, M. et al. Impact of urbanization on urban heat island intensity-a case study of Larkana City, Sindh, Pakistan. Theor Appl Climatol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04981-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-024-04981-z

Search

Navigation