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Surface radiation characteristics and downward cloud radiative forcing in southern **njiang during summer 2019

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Abstract

This study analyzed the surface radiation characteristics and evaluated downward cloud radiative forcing (CRF) in southern **njiang during summer 2019. Surface radiation fluxes show prominent day-to-day and diurnal variations, with the maximums of 915.6, 921.2, and 121.9 Wm−2, respectively, for total, direct, and diffuse shortwave radiations under cloudless conditions. Cloud layer or dust layer could significantly impede the incident solar irradiance and moderately reduce the emission of longwave radiation to space, and hence bring a strong downward negative radiative impact. A rigorous four-step screening algorithm was applied to effectively identify the clear-sky periods based on 1-min total and diffuse shortwave irradiances. The clear-sky shortwave (SW) radiation is empirically fitted using a power law equation and cosine of solar zenith angle, and the clear-sky longwave (LW) radiation is calculated via the average diurnal cycles of all datasets of detected 1-min LW radiation under cloudless conditions. The 24-h daily mean CRFs of SW are largely negative (− 204.1 to − 3.3 Wm−2), and corresponding LW are moderately positive (− 1.5 to + 70.4 Wm−2), which coincide with the overcast conditions or large cloud cover amounts. The overall averages of SW and LW CRFs and net cloud effect are − 69.7 ± 62.3, + 29.5 ± 22.2, and − 40.1 ± 42.1 Wm−2, respectively, implying that clouds have a net cooling effect on the regional climate. Our results are consistent with the summer mean values in northern China, but less than those in southern China, and greater than those of the global mean values. Such negative cloud radiative forcing would partly counteract the global warming induced by greenhouse gases and modulate the Earth’s radiation budget balance.

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Data availability

All the datasets used and analyzed in the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request (Email: bijr@lzu.edu.cn).

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (42075126), Project of Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Gansu Province (18JR2RA013), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2021-kb02,lzujbky-2021-sp04), and China 111 Project (No. B 13045). The authors would like to express special thanks to all staff of Minfeng Country Bureau of Meteorology for supporting the field experiment. We also appreciate all anonymous reviewers and editors for their constructive and insightful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Semi-Arid Climate Change of the Ministry of Education, College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Jianrong Bi, Dapeng Zuo, Fan Yang, Linhan Zhang, Zhongwei Huang & Tianhe Wang

  2. Collaborative Innovation Center for Western Ecological Safety, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Jianrong Bi & Zhongwei Huang

  3. Gansu Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Semi-Arid Climate and Environment, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Jianrong Bi, Dapeng Zuo, Linhan Zhang, Zhongwei Huang & Tianhe Wang

  4. Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station, Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Urumqi, 830002, China

    Fan Yang

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  1. Jianrong Bi
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Correspondence to Jianrong Bi.

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Bi, J., Zuo, D., Yang, F. et al. Surface radiation characteristics and downward cloud radiative forcing in southern **njiang during summer 2019. Meteorol Atmos Phys 134, 11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-021-00847-5

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