Interethnic polymorphism of EWS intron 6: genome plasticity mediated by Alu retroposition and recombination

Abstract

The EWS gene has been identified as being systematically translocated in Ewing’s sarcoma. In order to ascertain the basis of a marked interethnic difference in the incidence of Ewing’s sarcoma, intron 6 of EWS, which is located near the translocation breakpoint region (EWSR1), was characterized. Sequence analysis of the entire intron 6 region revealed a very high density of Alu elements. Most of these Alu sequences could be classified in previously described subfamilies, facilitating delineation of an evolutionary model that involves successive retroposition events. According to this model, the EWS intron 6 region progressively expanded until about 5 million years ago. More recently (10⁵ years ago), in part of the human population, the size of this region decreased by over 50% as the result of a homeologous recombination between two Alu sequences, which removed 2480 bp. This rare allele has only been observed in individuals of African origin, a population that is characterized by the lowest incidence of Ewing’s sarcoma.