Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to examine the impact of supra-maximal interval training (SMIT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiac auto-regulation response.
Methods
Physically active young adults volunteered to participate in the study with a randomized cross-over counterbalanced design (N = 12). HIIT sessions consisted of 20 bouts of 10 s of exercise followed by 50 s of recovery, totaling 20 min at two different intensities; “all-out (SMIT)” vs. “115–130% Wmax (HIIT)”. The cardiac auto-regulation included heart rate variability (HRV) and vascular function. HRV and vascular function were measured at baseline and five different time points after acute exercise.
Results
The SMIT was higher in workload (31%), peak heart rate (28%), and rate of perceived exertion (40%) compared with HIIT (all p < 0.001). The R-R interval, NN50, and pNN50 measured until 60 min after acute exercise was higher in the HIIT compared with SMIT (all p < 0.05). The SMIT elicited a greater shift in ln LF/HF ratio immediately after acute exercise (3802%, p < 0.01) and induced a decrease in bilateral ba-PWV at the time point 5 min after acute exercise, persisting until 65 min after (p < 0.05). Yet, HIIT showed no change over time in the frequency domain of HRV and blood vascular tone after cessation of acute exercise.
Conclusion
Our findings confirmed that SMIT is a more potent modulator of the autonomic nervous system compared with HIIT. Further study is needed to monitor through complete recovery to baseline, to understand acute cardiac auto-regulation response after cessation of various exercise intensities identical interval training protocol.
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Data availability
Data that support the findings of the present study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- HIIT:
-
High-intensity interval training
- SMIT:
-
Supra-maximal intensity interval training
- HRV:
-
Heart rate variability
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- Kp:
-
Kiloponds
- ECG:
-
Electro-cardiograph
- SDNN:
-
Standard deviation of the NN intervals
- rMSSD:
-
Root mean square of the successive R-R interval differences
- NN50:
-
Number of pairs of successive normal to normal (NN) intervals that differ by more than 50 ms
- pNN50:
-
Proportion of NN50 divided by the total number of NN intervals
- LF:
-
Low-frequency
- HF:
-
High-frequency
- ba-PWV:
-
Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity
- SBP:
-
Systolic blood pressure
- DBP:
-
Diastolic blood pressure
- RPE:
-
Rating of perceived exertion
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thanks all the participants in the research project.
Funding
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2020S1A5B5A17089215).
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M-WS, and HCJ conceived and designed the experiments. M-WS and HCJ performed the experiments. M-WS, and HCJ analyzed and interpreted the data. M-WS, SL, and HCJ contributed reagents, materials, analysis tools or data and wrote the paper. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
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Seo, MW., Lee, S. & Jung, H.C. Impact of supra-maximal interval training vs. high-intensity interval training on cardiac auto-regulation response in physically active adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 124, 1771–1780 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05402-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-023-05402-1