SpringerLink
Log in

Fracture sonography—review of literature and current recommendations

  • Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Published:
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Over a span of more than two years, a collaborative expert group consisting of 9 professional societies has meticulously crafted the S2e guideline on fracture sonography. This publication encapsulates the essential insights pertaining to specific indications. A thorough and systematic literature search, covering the period from 2000 to March 2021, was conducted across PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, complemented by an evaluation of bibliographies. Inclusion criteria encompassed randomized controlled clinical trials, observational clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews, while guidelines, conferences, reviews, case reports, and expert opinions were excluded. The SIGN grading system (1999–2012) was applied to assess evidence, and resultant SIGN tables were presented to the expert group. Specific recommendations for the application of fracture sonography were then derived through unanimous consensus after detailed discussions. Out of the initial pool of 520 literature sources, a meticulous screening and content assessment process yielded 182 sources (146 clinical studies and 36 meta-analyses and systematic reviews) for evaluation. The comprehensive analysis identified twenty-one indications that substantiate the judicious use of fracture sonography. Ultrasound emerges as a pragmatic and user-friendly diagnostic method, showcasing feasibility across a diverse range of indications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

References

  1. Sapozhnikov VG et al (1987) Ultrasonic examination of children with fractures of the forearm bones. Khirurgiia (Mosk) 8:111–113

    Google Scholar 

  2. Alexandridis G, Verschuuren EW, Rosendaal AV, Kanhai DA (2020) Evidence base for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for diagnosis of skull fractures in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg Med J Published. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2020-209887

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Gordon I, Sinert R, Chao J (2020) The utility of ultrasound in detecting skull fractures after pediatric blunt head trauma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Emerg Care. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000001958

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Sprague J. Comparison Study: Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography vs. Plain Radiography to Diagnose Clavicular Fractures in The Pediatric Population. Online https://commons.pacificu.edu/work/sc/72b7451e-c7c7-4bfc-b7d6-dfa2199c2faf; last Accessed 11 May 2023

  5. Pogorzelski J, Beitzel K, Ranuccio F et al (2017) The acutely injured acromioclavicular joint-which imaging modalities should be used for accurate diagnosis? A systematic review. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 18:515. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1864-y

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Choi J, Lim Y, Jang J (2020) Bedside ultrasound to diagnose skull fractures in young children. AAP Grand Rounds 44(3):33–33. https://doi.org/10.1542/gr.44-3-33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Trenchs V, Curcoy AI, Castillo M et al (2009) Minor head trauma and linear skull fracture in infants: cranial ultrasound or computed tomography? Eur J Emerg Med 16(3):150–152. https://doi.org/10.1097/mej.0b013e328321b7b5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Parri N, Crosby BJ, Mills L et al (2018) Point-of-care ultrasound for the diagnosis of skull fractures in children younger than two years of age. J Pediatr 196:230-236.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.12.057

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Riera A, Chen L (2012) Ultrasound evaluation of skull fractures in children: a feasibility study. Pediatr Emerg Care 28(5):420–425. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318252da3b

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Ackermann O, Emmanouilidis I, Rülander C. Ist die Sonographie geeignet zur Primärdiagnostik kindlicher Vorderarmfrakturen? Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin. 2011;60:355–358. Accessed 2 Dec 2020. https://www.germanjournalsportsmedicine.com/archiv/archiv-2009/heft-11/ist-die-sonographie-geeignet-zur-primaerdiagnostik-kindlicher-vorderarmfrakturen/

  11. Chien M, Bulloch B, Garcia-Filion P, Youssfi M, Shrader MW, Segal LS (2011) Bedside ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric clavicle fractures. Pediatr Emerg Care 27(11):1038–1041. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318235e965

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Cross KP, Warkentine FH, Kim IK, Gracely E, Paul RI (2010) Bedside ultrasound diagnosis of clavicle fractures in the pediatric emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 17(7):687–693. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00788.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Kayser R, Mahlfeld K, Heyde C, Grasshoff H (2003) Ultrasonographic imaging of fractures of the clavicle in newborn infants. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85(1):115–116. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.85b1.13212

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Ackermann O, Levine M, Eckert K, Rülander C, Stanjek M, Schulze-Pellengahr C (2013) Unsicherheit bei der radiologischen Achsbestimmung proximaler Humerusfrakturen. Z Orthop Unfall 151:74–79

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Faruch Bilfeld M, Lapègue F, Chiavassa Gandois H, Bayol MA, Bonnevialle N, Sans N (2017) Ultrasound of the coracoclavicular ligaments in the acute phase of an acromioclavicular disjonction: comparison of radiographic, ultrasound and MRI findings. Eur Radiol 27(2):483–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-016-4413-4

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Rutten MJCM, Jager GJ, de Waal Malefijt MC, Blickman JG (2007) Double line sign: a helpful sonographic sign to detect occult fractures of the proximal humerus. Eur Radiol 17(3):762–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-006-0331-1

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Ackermann O, Sesia S, Berberich T et al (2010) Sonographic diagnostics of proximal humerus fractures in juveniles. Unfallchirurg 113(839–842):844. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00113-010-1825-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Ackermann O, Eckert K, Rülander C, Endres S, Schulze-Pellengahr C (2013) Ultraschallbasierte Therapiesteuerung bei subcapitalen Humerusfrakturen im Wachstumsalter. Z Orthop Unfall 151:48–51

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Tsou P-Y, Ma Y-K, Wang Y-H, Gillon JT, Rafael J, Deanehan JK (2020) Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for upper extremity fractures in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Emerg Med. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.071

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Lee SH, Yun SJ (2019) Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography for detection of pediatric elbow fracture: a meta-analysis. Ann Emerg Med 74(4):493–502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.03.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Burnier M, Buisson G, Ricard A, Cunin V, Pracros JP, Chotel F (2016) Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in elbow trauma in children: Prospective study of 34 cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 102(7):839–843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2016.07.009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Eckert K, Ackermann O, Janssen N, Schweiger B, Radeloff E, Liedgens P (2014) Accuracy of the sonographic fat pad sign for primary screening of pediatric elbow fractures: a preliminary study. J Med Ultrason (2001) 41(4):473–480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10396-014-0525-0

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Avcı M, Kozacı N, Beydilli İ, Yılmaz F, Eden AO, Turhan S (2016) The comparison of bedside point-of-care ultrasound and computed tomography in elbow injuries. Am J Emerg Med 34(11):2186–2190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.08.054

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Eckert K, Ackermann O, Schweiger B, Radeloff E, Liedgens P (2013) Ultrasound evaluation of elbow fractures in children. J Med Ultrason (2001) 40(4):443–451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10396-013-0446-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Pistor G, Graffstädt H (2003) Sonographic diagnosis of supracondylar fractures of the humerus. Ultraschall Med 24(5):331–339. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2003-42916

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Rabiner JE, Khine H, Avner JR, Friedman LM, Tsung JW (2013) Accuracy of point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosis of elbow fractures in children. Ann Emerg Med 61(1):9–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.07.112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Tokarski J, Avner JR, Rabiner JE (2018) Reduction of radiography with point-of-care elbow ultrasonography for elbow trauma in children. J Pediatr 198:214-219.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.02.072

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Zuazo I, Bonnefoy O, Tauzin C et al (2008) Acute elbow trauma in children: role of ultrasonography. Pediatr Radiol 38(9):982–988. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-008-0935-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Douma-den Hamer D, Blanker MH, Edens MA et al (2016) Ultrasound for distal forearm fracture: a systematic review and diagnostic meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 11:e0155659. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155659

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Ackermann O, Wojciechowski P, Dzierzega M et al (2019) Sokrat II—an international, prospective, multicenter, phase IV diagnostic trial to evaluate the efficacy of the wrist safe algorithm in fracture sonography of distal forearm fractures in children. Ultraschall in Med 40:349–358. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0825-6284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Williamson D, Watura R, Cobby M (2000) Ultrasound imaging of forearm fractures in children: a viable alternative? J Accid Emerg Med 17(1):22–24. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.17.1.22

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Varga M, Gáti N, Kalóz E et al (2017) Ultrasonographic diagnosis of distal pediatric forearm fractures. Orv Hetil 158(24):944–948. https://doi.org/10.1556/650.2017.30763

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Slaar A, Walenkamp MMJ, Bentohami A et al (2016) A clinical decision rule for the use of plain radiography in children after acute wrist injury: development and external validation of the Amsterdam Pediatric Wrist Rules. Pediatr Radiol 46(1):50–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-015-3436-3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sivrikaya S, Aksay E, Bayram B, Oray NC, Karakasli A, Altintas E (2016) Emergency physicians performed point-of-care-ultrasonography for detecting distal forearm fracture. Turk J Emerg Med 16(3):98–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjem.2016.04.002

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Pountos I, Clegg J, Siddiqui A (2010) Diagnosis and treatment of greenstick and torus fractures of the distal radius in children: a prospective randomised single blind study. J Child Orthop 4(4):321–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11832-010-0269-3

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Poonai N, Myslik F, Joubert G et al (2017) Point-of-care ultrasound for nonangulated distal forearm fractures in children: test performance characteristics and patient-centered outcomes. Acad Emerg Med 24(5):607–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.13146

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Pietsch E (2018) The significance of ultrasound in juvenile distal forearm fractures. EC Orthopaedics 9:762–768

    Google Scholar 

  38. Lau BC, Robertson A, Motamedi D, Lee N (2017) The validity and reliability of a pocket-sized ultrasound to diagnose distal radius fracture and assess quality of closed reduction. J Hand Surg Am 42(6):420–427. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2017.03.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ko C, Baird M, Close M, Cassas KJ (2019) The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in detecting distal radius fractures in a pediatric population. Clin J Sport Med 29(5):426–429. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSM.0000000000000547

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Javadzadeh HR, Davoudi A, Davoudi F et al (2014) Diagnostic value of “bedside ultrasonography” and the “water bath technique” in distal forearm, wrist, and hand bone fractures. Emerg Radiol 21(1):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-013-1161-5

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Herren C, Sobottke R, Ringe MJ et al (2015) Ultrasound-guided diagnosis of fractures of the distal forearm in children. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 101(4):501–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2015.02.010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Galletebeitia Laka I, Samson F, Gorostiza I, Gonzalez A, Gonzalez C (2019) The utility of clinical ultrasonography in identifying distal forearm fractures in the pediatric emergency department. Eur J Emerg Med 26(2):118–122. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEJ.0000000000000509

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Epema AC, Spanjer MJB, Ras L, Kelder JC, Sanders M (2019) Point-of-care ultrasound compared with conventional radiographic evaluation in children with suspected distal forearm fractures in the Netherlands: a diagnostic accuracy study. Emerg Med J 36(10):613–616. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2018-208380

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Eckert K, Ackermann O, Schweiger B, Radeloff E, Liedgens P (2012) Ultrasound as a viable alternative to standard X-rays for the diagnosis of distal forearm fractures in children. Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0032-1314974

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Eckert K, Ackermann O, Schweiger B, Radeloff E, Liedgens P (2012) Sonographic diagnosis of metaphyseal forearm fractures in children: a safe and applicable alternative to standard x-rays. Pediatr Emerg Care 28(9):851–854. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318267a73d

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Dubrovsky AS, Kempinska A, Bank I, Mok E (2015) Accuracy of ultrasonography for determining successful realignment of pediatric forearm fractures. Ann Emerg Med 65(3):260–265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2014.08.043

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Chen L, Kim Y, Moore CL (2007) Diagnosis and guided reduction of forearm fractures in children using bedside ultrasound. Pediatr Emerg Care 23(8):528–531. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318128f85d

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Chaar-Alvarez FM, Warkentine F, Cross K, Herr S, Paul RI (2011) Bedside ultrasound diagnosis of nonangulated distal forearm fractures in the pediatric emergency department. Pediatr Emerg Care 27(11):1027–1032. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e318235e228

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. AL-Allaf H, Al-Dubouni F. (2008) Ultrasound imaging of undisplaced partial forearm fractures in children. Ann College Med 34(1):9–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Ahmed AS, Abdelhady AE, McNicholl B (2018) Ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in paediatric distal forearm fractures. Ir Med J 111(10):836

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. May G, Grayson A (2009) Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the manchester royal infirmary. Bet 3: do buckle fractures of the paediatric wrist require follow up? Emerg Med J 26(11):819–822. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2009.082891

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Katzer C, Wasem J, Eckert K, Ackermann O, Buchberger B (2016) Ultrasound in the diagnostics of metaphyseal forearm fractures in children: a systematic review and cost calculation. Pediatr Emerg Care 32(6):401–407. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000000446

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Chartier LB, Bosco L, Lapointe-Shaw L, Chenkin J (2017) Use of point-of-care ultrasound in long bone fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CJEM 19(2):131–142. https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2016.397

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Schmid GL, Lippmann S, Unverzagt S, Hofmann C, Deutsch T, Frese T (2017) The investigation of suspected fracture-a comparison of ultrasound with conventional imaging. Dtsch Arztebl Int 114(45):757–764. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2017.0757

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Carpenter CR, Pines JM, Schuur JD, Muir M, Calfee RP, Raja AS (2014) Adult scaphoid fracture. Acad Emerg Med 21:101–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12317

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Carpenter CR, Pines JM, Schuur JD, Muir M, Calfee RP, Raja AS (2014) Adult scaphoid fracture. Acad Emerg Med 21(2):101–121. https://doi.org/10.1111/acem.12317

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Munk B, Bolvig L, Krøner K, Christiansen T, Borris L, Boe S (2000) Ultrasound for diagnosis of scaphoid fractures. J Hand Surg Br 25(4):369–371. https://doi.org/10.1054/jhsb.2000.0432

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Senall JA, Failla JM, Bouffard JA, van Holsbeeck M (2004) Ultrasound for the early diagnosis of clinically suspected scaphoid fracture. J Hand Surg Am 29(3):400–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsa.2003.12.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Hauger O, Bonnefoy O, Moinard M, Bersani D, Diard F (2002) Occult fractures of the waist of the scaphoid: early diagnosis by high-spatial-resolution sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 178(5):1239–1245. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.178.5.1781239

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Yıldırım A, Unlüer EE, Vandenberk N, Karagöz A (2013) The role of bedside ultrasonography for occult scaphoid fractures in the emergency department. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 19(3):241–245. https://doi.org/10.5505/tjtes.2013.64927

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Jain R, Jain N, Sheikh T, Yadav C (2018) Early scaphoid fractures are better diagnosed with ultrasonography than X-rays: a prospective study over 114 patients. Chin J Traumatol 21(4):206–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjtee.2017.09.004

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Bäcker HC, Wu CH, Strauch RJ (2020) Systematic review of diagnosis of clinically suspected scaphoid fractures. J Wrist Surg 9(1):81–89. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1693147

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Baldry J (2010) Towards evidence-based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. BET 3. Can ultrasound diagnose scaphoid fractures? Emerg Med J 27(11):876–877. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2010.10488568

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Krastman P, Mathijssen NM, Bierma-Zeinstra SMA, Kraan G, Runhaar J (2020) Diagnostic accuracy of history taking, physical examination and imaging for phalangeal, metacarpal and carpal fractures: a systematic review update. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21:12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-019-2988-z

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Kwee RM, Kwee TC (2018) Ultrasound for diagnosing radiographically occult scaphoid fracture. Skeletal Radiol 47:1205–1212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00256-018-2931-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Zhao W, Wang G, Chen B et al (2019) The value of ultrasound for detecting hand fractures: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 98:e17823. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000017823

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Hennecke B, Kluge S, Kreutziger J, Jenzer A, Vögelin E (2011) Ultrasonic and radiographic quantification of palmar angulation in metacarpal IV and V neck fractures. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir 43(1):39–45. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1267974

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Aksay E, Yesilaras M, Kılıc TY, Tur FC, Sever M, Kaya A (2015) Sensitivity and specificity of bedside ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fractures of the fifth metacarpal. Emerg Med J 32(3):221–225. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2013-202971

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Saito S, Sawabe K, Suzuki Y, Suzuki S (2016) Ultrasonographic characteristics of volar-lateral ligament constrains after proximal interphalangeal joint injuries. J Plast Surg Hand Surg 50:216–221. https://doi.org/10.3109/2000656X.2016.1151796

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Xue L, Zhang Y, Yan D, Fu J, Liu Z (2021) The presence of effusions between the volar plate of the proximal interphalangeal joint and the flexor digitorum tendon is a common phenomenon: a single-center, cross sectional study. Med Ultrason 23:176–180

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Yousefifard M, Baikpour M, Ghelichkhani P et al (2016) Comparison of ultrasonography and radiography in detection of thoracic bone fractures; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Emerg (Tehran) 4:55–64

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Battle C, Hayward S, Eggert S, Evans PA (2019) Comparison of the use of lung ultrasound and chest radiography in the diagnosis of rib fractures: a systematic review. Emerg Med J 36:185–190. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2017-207416

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Hwang EG, Lee Y (2016) Simple X-ray versus ultrasonography examination in blunt chest trauma: effective tools of accurate diagnosis and considerations for rib fractures. J Exerc Rehabil 12(6):637–641. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1632840.420

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  74. Kara M, Dikmen E, Erdal HH, Simsir I, Kara SA (2003) Disclosure of unnoticed rib fractures with the use of ultrasonography in minor blunt chest trauma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 24(4):608–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1010-7940(03)00383-x81

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Turk F, Kurt AB, Saglam S (2010) Evaluation by ultrasound of traumatic rib fractures missed by radiography. Emerg Radiol 17(6):473–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10140-010-0892-9

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Lee WS, Kim YH, Chee HK, Lee SA (2012) Ultrasonographic evaluation of costal cartilage fractures unnoticed by the conventional radiographic study and multidetector computed tomography. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 38(1):37–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-011-0117-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. You JS, Chung YE, Kim D, Park S, Chung SP (2010) Role of sonography in the emergency room to diagnose sternal fractures. J Clin Ultrasound 38(3):135–137. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.20669

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Engin G, Yekeler E, Güloğlu R, Acunaş B, Acunaş G (2000) US versus conventional radiography in the diagnosis of sternal fractures. Acta Radiol 41(3):296–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/028418500127345280

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Chalphin AV, Mooney DP (2020) Pediatric sternal fractures: a single center retrospective review. J Pediatr Surg 55(7):1224–1227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2019.10.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Racine S, Drake D (2015) BET 3: bedside ultrasound for the diagnosis of sternal fracture. Emerg Med J 32(12):971–972. https://doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2015-204985.3

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Carsen S, Doyle M, Smit K, Shefrin A, Varshney T (2020) Point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department may provide more accurate diagnosis of toddler fractures than radiographs: a pilot study. Orthop Proc 102:95–95. https://doi.org/10.1302/1358-992X.2020.7.095

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Ebrahimi M, Habibzadeh SR, Ahmadi SR, Khajeh Nasiri S, Kaveh MM, Foroughian M (2019) Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of metatarsal bone fracture; a cross sectional study. Arch Acad Emerg Med 7:e49

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Yesilaras M, Aksay E, Atilla OD, Sever M, Kalenderer O (2014) The accuracy of bedside ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool for the fifth metatarsal fractures. Am J Emerg Med 32:171–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2013.11.009

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Wright AA, Hegedus EJ, Lenchik L, Kuhn KJ, Santiago L, Smoliga JM (2016) Diagnostic accuracy of various imaging modalities for suspected lower extremity stress fractures: a systematic review with evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Am J Sports Med 44:255–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546515574066

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Akinmade A, Ikem I, Ayoola O, Orimolade E, Adeyeye A (2019) Comparing ultrasonography with plain radiography in the diagnosis of paediatric long-bone fractures. Int Orthop 43:1143–1153. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00264-018-4133-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Wawrzyk M, Sokal J, Andrzejewska E, Przewratil P (2015) The role of ultrasound imaging of callus formation in the treatment of long bone fractures in children. Pol J Radiol 80:473–478. https://doi.org/10.12659/PJR.894548

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  87. Ackermann O et al (2021) Fracture sonography. Springer International Publishing

    Book  Google Scholar 

  88. Caruso G, Lagalla R, Derchi L, Iovane A, Sanfilippo A (2000) Monitoring of fracture calluses with color Doppler sonography. J Clin Ultrasound 28(1):20–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0096(200001)28:1%3c20::aid-jcu3%3e3.0.co;2-w

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Paik SH, Chung MJ, Park JS, Goo JM, Im J-G (2005) High-resolution sonography of the rib: can fracture and metastasis be differentiated? AJR Am J Roentgenol 184(3):969–974. https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.184.3.01840969

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Fischer C, Preuß EM, Amarteifio E, Krix M, Tanner M, Miska M et al (2015) CEUS ermöglicht die Quantifizierung der Pseudarthrosenperfusion und komplementiert die Infektdiagnostik. Ultraschall in Med 36:A142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Doll J, Waizenegger S, Schmidmaier G, Weber MA, Fischer C (2021) Contrast-enhanced ultrasound: a viable diagnostic tool in predicting treatment failure after non-union revision surgery for upper-and lower-limb non-unions. Ultrasound Med Biol 47:3147–3158

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The literature research was funded by the DEGUM e.V., Germany.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Bochum, Universitätsstr 1, 44780, Bochum, Germany

    Ole Ackermann

  2. Christian A. Fischer, Arcus Klinik, Rastatter Str. 17-19, 75179, Pforzheim, Germany

    Christian A. Fischer

  3. Kay Grosser, Klinikum Kassel, Mönchebergstraße 41-43, 34125, Kassel, Germany

    Kay Grosser

  4. Christina Hauenstein, Universität Rostock, Schillingallee 35, 18057, Rostock, Germany

    Christina Hauenstein

  5. Sebastian Kluge, Handchirurgie Seefeld, Seefeldstrasse 27, 8008, Zurich, Switzerland

    Sebastian Kluge

  6. Jörg D. Moritz, Universität SH, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany

    Jörg D. Moritz

  7. Lars Berthold, Universität Giessen Und Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Straße 8, 35392, Gießen, Germany

    Lars Berthold

  8. Constantin V. Kaisenberg, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany

    Constantin v. Kaisenberg

  9. Christian Tesch, Neuer Wall 32, 20354, Hamburg, Germany

    Christian Tesch

Authors
  1. Ole Ackermann
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Christian A. Fischer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Kay Grosser
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Christina Hauenstein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Sebastian Kluge
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Jörg D. Moritz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Lars Berthold
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Constantin v. Kaisenberg
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Christian Tesch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Ole Ackermann, leading researcher, summary of results. Christian A. Fischer, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research. Kay Grosser, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research. Christina Hauenstein, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research. Sebastian Kluge, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research. Jörg D. Moritz, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research. Lars Berthold, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research. Constantin v. Kaisenberg, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research. Christian Tesch, discussion of results, reflected summary of parts, research.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ole Ackermann.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

No conflicts of interest of all authors.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOC 57 KB)

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ackermann, O., Fischer, C.A., Grosser, K. et al. Fracture sonography—review of literature and current recommendations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-024-05396-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-024-05396-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation