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Myopathien, Myositiden, Vaskulitiden mit Muskelbeteiligung

Welchen Beitrag leistet die Histopathologie?

Inflammatory and other myopathies and skeletal muscle vasculitis

The role of muscle and nerve biopsy

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Zusammenfassung

Die Analyse von Muskel- und Nervenbiopsien kann wesentliche Informationen zur Diagnose von Erkrankungen der Skelettmuskulatur und der peripheren Nerven beitragen. Mit den modernen histologischen, immunhistochemischen, elektronenmikroskopischen und molekularpathologischen Verfahren ist in vielen Fällen eine definitive Zuordnung zu einer Entität, in den verbleibenden Fällen eine Eingrenzung der infrage kommenden Diagnosen möglich. Dabei werden die entzündlichen Myo- und Neuropathien von den primär nichtinflammatorischen Erkrankungen der Muskulatur und der peripheren Nerven unterschieden. Letztere umfassen die Muskeldystrophien und kongenitalen Myopathien, die hereditären Neuropathien, die metabolischen Krankheiten mit Beteiligung von Skelettmuskel und peripherem Nervensystem sowie die degenerativen Myo- und Neuropathien einschließlich der sporadischen Motoneuronerkrankungen.

Abstract

Muscle and nerve biopsies provide valuable information contributing to the diagnosis of diseases of the peripheral nervous system and skeletal muscle. The application of modern histological, immunohistochemical, electron microscopic and molecular methods establishes a definite diagnosis in many cases and narrows the spectrum of possible entities in most of the remaining cases. Inflammatory myopathies and neuropathies are distinguished from non-inflammatory muscular and peripheral nervous conditions. The latter include muscular dystrophies and congenital myopathies, hereditary neuropathies, metabolic diseases affecting skeletal muscle and peripheral nerves as well as degenerative myopathies and neuropathies including sporadic motor neuron diseases.

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Weis, J., Nolte, K. Myopathien, Myositiden, Vaskulitiden mit Muskelbeteiligung. Z. Rheumatol. 68, 459–464 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00393-009-0455-1

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