Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Studie untersucht den Stellenwert von Dekompressionsoperationen nach kindlichem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT), die sekundär im Verlauf der Intensivtherapie durchgeführt wurden.
Material und Methoden
Ausgewertet wurden 30 Patienten (Alter <18 Jahre) nach schwerem SHT. Die Eingriffe wurden von einem Operateur indiziert und durchgeführt. Daten der Frühphase und der Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) wurden einander gegenübergestellt.
Ergebnisse
Sechs Monate nach Unfall waren 33% der Kinder verstorben, 47% leicht oder nicht behindert. Der GOS korrelierte nicht mit der Komadauer, aber signifikant mit der Dauer des Bestehens der Pupillenstörung: 40% der Patienten mit beidseits weiter und lichtstarrer Pupille überlebten. Patienten mit disseminierten Kontusionen hatten eine signifikant verringerte Letalität. Es gab keine Prädiktoren für das apallische Syndrom oder die schwere Behinderung.
Schlussfolgerungen
Die Operation erwies sich als effektive intensivmedizinische Behandlungsmethode. Sie sollte beim Fehlen raumfordernder intrakranieller Hämatome immer als Alternative zur konservativen Hirndrucktherapie erwogen werden.
Abstract
Background
The current study analyzes the results of decompressive craniectomies in severe infantile brain injury, performed during intensive care treatment.
Patients and Methods
The data of 30 patients (age <18 years) were evaluated. Surgical procedures were indicated and performed by one neurosurgeon. Data from the early phase and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) were correlated with each other.
Results
After 6 months, 33% of the patients had died, 7% presented a persisting vegetative state, and 13% have severe and 27% moderate impairments, while 20% were unimpaired. The GOS does not correlate with the duration of coma. However, the GOS was significantly correlated with the duration of posttraumatic disturbances in pupil motoricity (p<0.05). Of the patients with bilateral fixed pupils, 40% survived. Patients with disseminated brain contusions had a significantly lower mortality. There was no predictable value for the persisting vegetative syndrome.
Conclusion
The decompressive craniectomy is an effective method in the intensive care of children after severe head trauma. It should always be considered in cases without space-occupying intracranial bleedings as an alternative to conservative therapy of intracranial hypertension.
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00390-010-0213-2/MediaObjects/390_2010_213_Fig1_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00390-010-0213-2/MediaObjects/390_2010_213_Fig2_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00390-010-0213-2/MediaObjects/390_2010_213_Fig3_HTML.gif)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00390-010-0213-2/MediaObjects/390_2010_213_Fig4_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00390-010-0213-2/MediaObjects/390_2010_213_Fig5_HTML.jpg)
![](http://media.springernature.com/m312/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1007%2Fs00390-010-0213-2/MediaObjects/390_2010_213_Fig6_HTML.jpg)
Literatur
Aldrich EF, Eisenberg HM, Saydjari C et al (1992) Diffuse brain swelling in severely head-injured children. A report from the NIH traumatic coma data bank. J Neurosurg 76:450–454
Chiaretti A, De Benedictis R, Della Corte F et al (2002) The impact of initial management on the outcome of children with severe head injury. Childs Nerv Syst 18:54–60
Coplin WM (2001) Intracranial pressure and surgical decompression for traumatic brain injury: biological rationale and protocol for a randomized clinical trial. Neurol Res 23:277–290
Firsching R, Woischneck D (2001) Present status of neurosurgical trauma in Germany. World J Surg 25:1221–1223
Frowein RA (1976) Classification of coma. Acta Neurochir 24:5–10
Gaab MR, Rittierodt M, Lorenz M, Heissler HE (1990) Traumatic brain swelling and operative decompression: a prospective investigation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 51:326–328
Guerra WK, Gaab MR, Dietz H et al (1999) Surgical decompression for traumatic brain swelling: indications and results. J Neurosurg 90:187–196
Jennett B, Bond M (1975) Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage-a practical scale. Lancet 1:81–84
Kochanek PM, Bell JM, Forbes ML et al (1999) Pathophysiology. In: Marion DW (Hrsg) Traumatic brain injury (SectionV: Pediatric brain injuries). Georg Thieme, New York Stuttgart, S 233–256
Nacimiento W (1997) Das apallische Syndrom: Diagnose, Prognose und ethische Probleme. Dtsch Arztebl 94:A-661/B-537/C-505
Reithmeier T, Speder B, Pakos P et al (2005) Delayed bilateral craniectomy for treatment of traumatic brain swelling in children: case report and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 21:249–253
Ruf B, Heckmann M, Schroth I et al (2003) Early decompressive craniectomy and duraplasty for refractory intracranial hypertension in children: results of a pilot study. Crit Care 7:133–138
Woischneck D, Firsching R (1998) Efficiency of the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS)-Score for the long term follow up after severe brain injuries. In: Marmarou A, Bullock R (Hrsg) ICPX. Acta Neurochir Suppl 71:138–141
Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor gibt an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Woischneck, D., Träger, K., Rickels, E. et al. Kindliches Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Intensivmed 47, 582–588 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-010-0213-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-010-0213-2