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Kindliches Schädel-Hirn-Trauma

Dekompressionsoperation während der intensivmedizinischen Behandlung

Pediatric brain injuries

Decompressive craniectomy during intensive care treatment

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  • Published:
Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die Studie untersucht den Stellenwert von Dekompressionsoperationen nach kindlichem Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT), die sekundär im Verlauf der Intensivtherapie durchgeführt wurden.

Material und Methoden

Ausgewertet wurden 30 Patienten (Alter <18 Jahre) nach schwerem SHT. Die Eingriffe wurden von einem Operateur indiziert und durchgeführt. Daten der Frühphase und der Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) wurden einander gegenübergestellt.

Ergebnisse

Sechs Monate nach Unfall waren 33% der Kinder verstorben, 47% leicht oder nicht behindert. Der GOS korrelierte nicht mit der Komadauer, aber signifikant mit der Dauer des Bestehens der Pupillenstörung: 40% der Patienten mit beidseits weiter und lichtstarrer Pupille überlebten. Patienten mit disseminierten Kontusionen hatten eine signifikant verringerte Letalität. Es gab keine Prädiktoren für das apallische Syndrom oder die schwere Behinderung.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Operation erwies sich als effektive intensivmedizinische Behandlungsmethode. Sie sollte beim Fehlen raumfordernder intrakranieller Hämatome immer als Alternative zur konservativen Hirndrucktherapie erwogen werden.

Abstract

Background

The current study analyzes the results of decompressive craniectomies in severe infantile brain injury, performed during intensive care treatment.

Patients and Methods

The data of 30 patients (age <18 years) were evaluated. Surgical procedures were indicated and performed by one neurosurgeon. Data from the early phase and the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) were correlated with each other.

Results

After 6 months, 33% of the patients had died, 7% presented a persisting vegetative state, and 13% have severe and 27% moderate impairments, while 20% were unimpaired. The GOS does not correlate with the duration of coma. However, the GOS was significantly correlated with the duration of posttraumatic disturbances in pupil motoricity (p<0.05). Of the patients with bilateral fixed pupils, 40% survived. Patients with disseminated brain contusions had a significantly lower mortality. There was no predictable value for the persisting vegetative syndrome.

Conclusion

The decompressive craniectomy is an effective method in the intensive care of children after severe head trauma. It should always be considered in cases without space-occupying intracranial bleedings as an alternative to conservative therapy of intracranial hypertension.

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Woischneck, D., Träger, K., Rickels, E. et al. Kindliches Schädel-Hirn-Trauma. Intensivmed 47, 582–588 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-010-0213-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00390-010-0213-2

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