Abstract
We investigated the effects of monsoon onset vortex (MOV) on the mixed layer heat budget in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) in spring 2003 using the reanalysis datasets. The results suggest that the solar radiation flux penetrating the mixed layer and the existence of barrier layer are both able to modulate the effects of MOV on the evolution of sea surface temperature (SST) in the BOB. Prior to the formation of BOB MOV, the local SST raised quickly due to mass of solar radiation reaching the sea surface under the clear-sky condition. Meanwhile, since the mixed layer was shallow before the onset of the Asian summer monsoon (ASM), some solar radiation flux could penetrate to directly heat the deeper water, which partly offset the warming effect of shortwave radiation. On the other hand, the in-situ SST started to cool due to the upwelling of cold water when the MOV generated over the BOB, along with the rapidly increased surface wind speed and its resultant deeper mixed layer. As the MOV developed and moved northward, the SST tended to decrease remarkably because of the strong upward surface latent heat flux over the BOB ascribed to the wind-evaporation mechanism. However, the MOV-related precipitation brought more fresh water into the upper ocean to produce a thicker barrier layer, whose thermal barrier effect damped the cooling effect of entrainment upwelling on the decrease tendency of the BOB SST. In other words, the thermal barrier effect could slow down the decreasing trend of the BOB SST even after the onset of ASM, which facilitated the further enhancement of the MOV.
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Data Availability Statement
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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The authors gratefully acknowledge the use of the HPCC for all numeric simulations and data analysis at the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
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Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDA20060502), the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) (No. GML2019ZD0306), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41776023, 41731173, 41521005, 41676013, 41775052, 41506003), the Rising Star Foundation of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology (No. NHXX2018WL0201), the Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. ISEE2018PY06), the Independent Research Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography (No. LTOZZ1802), and the Basic Scientific Research and Operation Foundation of the CAMS (Nos. 2018Z006, 2017R001)
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Xu, K., Liu, B., Liu, Y. et al. Effects of monsoon onset vortex on heat budget in the mixed layer of the Bay of Bengal. J. Ocean. Limnol. 38, 1616–1631 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-9061-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00343-019-9061-5