Structural, dielectric, impedance and electric modulus properties of praseodymium-substituted BaPr_xFe_12-X O₁₉ nanoparticles synthesized via sol–gel method

Abstract

In current research work, Pr³⁺ doped M-type hexaferrites having general formula BaPr_xFe_12-xO₁₉ (0.00 < x > 1.00 with 0.25 steps) were synthesized using sol–gel technique. The prepared nanoparticles were characterized via XRD for structural Study, FTIR to study the frequency band, SEM was used to investigate the morphological surface, spectroscopic impedance was used to investigate the dielectric properties and VSM was used to study magnetic properties of the prepared nanoparticles. XRD pattern for each do** case confirmed the prepared samples having hexagonal phase. The crystalline sizes were determined from 5 to 13 nm range. Lattice constants were measured to be increased with increasing Pr³⁺ concentration. FTIR analysis was performed to analyze absorption band spectra. LCR meter was used to investigate the impedance, dielectric constant, electric modulus, loss tangent, and A.C conduction of the synthesized samples. From the study of dielectric, properties carried out by Maxwell Wagner model, where a constant of dielectric was found reduced in MHz’s of range of frequency, while at high frequency two relaxation peaks were observed by electron hop** of Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ ion. Reduction in both real and imaginary impedance caused decreasing trends due to the action of grain boundary. The Pr³⁺ do** has influenced the magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. The prepared material exhibited to be hard ferrite, having small crystallite size at high concentration of Pr³⁺ do**. Finally, by the excellent electric and magnetic properties, the prepared particles have a good potential for the applications of recording media, cancer treatment, drug delivery and high frequency devices.