SpringerLink
Log in

Biogeographical and phylogeographical relationships of the bathyal ophiuroid fauna of the Macquarie Ridge, Southern Ocean

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Polar Biology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

There are relatively few studies examining the latitudinal distribution of polar, subantarctic and temperate faunas on the bathyal seafloor across the Southern Ocean. Here, we investigate the relationship between the subantarctic Macquarie Ridge and adjacent regions of Antarctica (including the Ross Sea) and temperate Australia and New Zealand at depths of 200–2,500 m. We study the fauna at two levels of classification (1) morpho-species (MSPs) accepted by taxonomists and (2) evolutionary significant units defined as reciprocally monophyletic clades derived from phylogenies of mitochondrial DNA. The ophiuroid fauna on the Macquarie Ridge has a predominantly temperate origin, with far more MSPs shared with south-eastern Australia (78 % of species) and southern New Zealand (83 %) than neighbouring Antarctic regions (33 %). However, this asymmetry also reflects the relative species richness of these regions. Many species that are shared between Antarctica and the Macquarie Ridge have diverged into distinct mtDNA lineages indicative of a recent barrier to gene flow.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Álvarez M, Monaco CL, Tanhua T, Yool A, Oschlies A, Bullister JL, Goyet C, Metzl N, Touratier F, McDonagh E, Bryden HL (2009) Estimating the storage of anthropogenic carbon in the subtropical Indian Ocean: a comparison of five different approaches. Biogeosciences 6:681–703

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson JB, Brake CF, Myers NC (1984) Sedimentation on the Ross Sea continental shelf, Antarctica. Mar Geol 57:295–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balloux F (2010) The worm in the fruit of the mitochondrial DNA tree. Heredity 104:419–420

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bandelt H-J, Forster P, Röhl A (1999) Median-joining networks for inferring intraspecific phylogenies. Mol Biol Evol 16:37–48

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Boissin E, Féral J-P, Chenuil A (2008) Defining reproductively isolated units in a cryptic and syntopic species complex using mitochondrial and nuclear markers: the brooding brittle star, Amphipholis squamata (Ophiuroidea). Mol Ecol 17:1732–1744

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bowden DA, Schiaparelli S, Clark MR, Rickard GJ (2011) A lost world? Archaic crinoid-dominated assemblages on an Antarctic seamount. Deep Sea Res Pt II 58:119–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler A, Williams A, Koslow A, Gowlett-Holmes K, Barker B, Lewis M, Reid R (2000) A study of the conservation significance of the benthic fauna around Macquarie Island and the potential impact of the Patagonian Toothfish trawl fishery. Final Report to Environment Australia Marine Group. CSIRO Marine Research, Hobart

  • Clark MR, Rowden AA, Schlacher T, Williams A, Consalvey M, Stocks KI, Rogers AD, O’Hara TD, White M, Shank TM, Hall-Spencer JM (2010) The ecology of seamounts: structure, function, and human impacts. Ann Rev Mar Sci 2:253–278

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke KR, Warwick RM (2001) Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical analysis and interpretation, 2nd edn. Natural Environment Research Council and Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn JR, Ridgway KR (2002) Map** ocean properties in regions of complex topography. Deep Sea Res Pt 1(49):591–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fell HB (1958) Deep-sea echinoderms of New Zealand. Zool Pub Vict Univ Wellingt 24:1–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Fell HB (1960) Archibenthal and littoral echinoderms of the Chatham Islands: biological results of the Chatham Islands 1954 Expedition. Bull N Z Dept Sci Ind Res 139:55–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Folmer O, Black M, Hoeh W, Lutz R, Vrijenhoek R (1994) DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 5:294–299

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser DJ, Bernatchez L (2001) Adaptive evolutionary conservation: towards a unified concept for defining conservation units. Mol Ecol 10:2741–2752

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fraser CI, Nikula R, Spencer HG, Waters JM (2009) Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum. PNAS 106:3249–3253

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gaina C, Muller RD, Brown B, Ishihara T, Ivanov S (2007) Breakup and early seafloor spreading between India and Antarctica. Geophys J Int 70:151–169

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gersonde R, Crosta X, Abelmann A, Armand L (2005) Sea-surface temperature and sea ice distribution of the Southern Ocean at the EPILOG Last Glacial Maximum–a circum-Antarctic view based on siliceous microfossil records. Quat Sci Rev 24:869–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths HJ, Barnes DKA, Linse K (2009) Towards a generalized biogeography of the Southern Ocean benthos. J Biogeogr 36:162–177

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart MW, Byrne M, Johnson SL (2003) Cryptic species and modes of development in Patiriella pseudoexigua. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 83:1109–1116

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hemery LG, Eléaume M, Roussel V, Améziane N, Gallut C, Steinke D, Cruaud C, Couloux A, Wilson NG (2012) Comprehensive sampling reveals circumpolarity and sympatry in seven mitochondrial lineages of the Southern Ocean crinoid species Promachocrinus kerguelensis (Echinodermata). Mol Ecol 21:2502–2518

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hoareau TB, Boissin E (2010) Design of phylum-specific hybrid primers for DNA barcoding: addressing the need for efficient COI amplification in the Echinodermata. Mol Ecol Res 10:960–967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hosie G, Koubbi P, Riddle M, Ozouf-Costaz C, Moteki M, Fukuchi M, Ameziane N, Ishimaru T, Goffart A (2011) CEAMARC, the collaborative East Antarctic marine census for the census of Antarctic marine life (IPY # 53): an overview. Pol Sci 5:75–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hunter RL, Halanych KM (2008) Evaluating connectivity in the Brooding Brittle Star Astrotoma agassizii across the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean. J Hered 99:137–148

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ivanova NV, Fazekas AJ, Hebert PDN (2008) Semi-automated, membrane-based protocol for DNA isolation from plants. Plant Mol Biol Rep 26:186–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martín-Ledo R, Sands CJ, Lopez-Gonzalez PJ (2012) A new brooding species of brittle star (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea) from Antarctic waters. Pol Biol. doi:10.1007/s00300-012-1242-z

    Google Scholar 

  • McClain CR, Hardy SM (2010) The dynamics of biogeographic ranges in the deep sea. Proc R Soc Lond B 1700:3533–3546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DG (1967) Additions to the echinoderm fauna of the Chatham Rise. N Z J Mar Freshw Res 1:291–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKnight DG (1984) Echinoderms from Macquarie Island and the Macquarie Ridge. Rec N Z Oceanogr Inst 4:139–147

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz C (1994) Defining ‘evolutionary significant units’ for conservation. TREE 9:373–375

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mortensen T (1936) Echinoidea and Ophiuroidea. Discov Rep 12:199–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Muths D, Davoult D, Gentil F, Jollivet D (2006) Incomplete cryptic speciation between intertidal and subtidal morphs of Acrocnida brachiata (Echinoderm: Ophiuroidea) in the North East Atlantic. Mol Ecol 15:3303–3318

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nylander J (2008) MrModeltest v.2.3. Department of Systematic Zoology, Uppsala University, Sweden

  • O’Hara TD (1998a) Origin of Macquarie Island echinoderms. Pol Biol 20:143–151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hara TD (1998b) Systematics and biology of Macquarie Island echinoderms. Mem Mus Vic 57:167–223

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Hara TD, Stöhr S (2006) Deep water Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) of New Caledonia: Ophiacanthidae and Hemieuryalidae. Mém Mus nat Hist nat 193:33–141

    Google Scholar 

  • O’Hara TD, Byrne M, Cisternas P (2004) The Ophiocoma erinaceus complex: another case of cryptic speciation in echinoderms. In: Heinzeller T, Nebelsick JH (eds) Echinoderms: München: proceedings of the eleventh international Echinoderm conference, Munich, Germany, 6–10 October 2003. Leiden, Balkema, pp 537–542

  • O’Hara TD, Rowden AA, Bax NJ (2011) A southern hemisphere bathyal fauna is distributed in latitudinal bands. Curr Biol 21:226–230

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O'Loughlin PM, Paulay G, Davey N, Michonneau F (2011) The Antarctic region as a marine biodiversity hotspot for echinoderms: diversity and diversification of sea cucumbers. Deep-Sea Res Pt II 58:264–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Pierrat B, Saucède T, Laffont R, De Ridder C, Festeau A, David B (2012) Large-scale distribution analysis of Antarctic echinoids using ecological niche modelling. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 463:215–230

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ratnasingham S, Hebert P (2007) BOLD: the barcode of life data system. Mol Ecol Notes 7:355–364

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • R Development Core Team (2011) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. ISBN 3-900051-07-0, http://www.R-project.org

  • Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MRBAYES 3: Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572–1574

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sands CJ, Griffiths HJ, Downey RV, Barnes DKA, Martin-Ledo R, Linse K (2012) Observations of the ophiuroids from the West Antarctic sector of the Southern Ocean. Ant Sci. doi:10.1017/S0954102012000612

    Google Scholar 

  • Smirnov IS, Ahearn C (2009) Ophiuroids—Brittle stars and basket stars. In: Häussermann V, Försterra G (eds) Marine Benthic Fauna of Chilean Patagonia, Nature in Focus, Santiago, pp 832–848

  • Stamatakis A (2006) RAxML-VI-HPC: maximum likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses with thousands of taxa and mixed models. Bioinformatics 22:2688–2690

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Stamatakis A, Hoover P, Rougemont J (2008) A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Syst Biol 5:758–771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stöhr S, Boissin E, Chenuil A (2009) Potential cryptic speciation in Mediterranean populations of Ophioderma (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea). Zootaxa 2071:1–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Uthicke S, Byrne M, Conand C (2009) Genetic barcoding of commercial Beche-de-mer species (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Mol Ecol Res 10:634–646

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ward RD, Holmes BH, O’Hara TD (2008) DNA barcoding discriminates echinoderm species. Mol Ecol Res 8:1202–1211

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Williams ST (2000) Species boundaries in the starfish genus Linckia. Mar Biol 136:137–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yool A, Martin AP, Fernández C, Clark DR (2007) The significance of nitrification for oceanic new production. Nature 447:999–1002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zink RM, Barrowclough GF (2008) Mitochondrial DNA under siege in avian phylogeography. Mol Ecol 17:2107–2121

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

Thanks to the NIWA Invertebrate Collection that provided specimens collected from voyage TAN0604 part of the project Seamounts: their importance to fisheries and marine ecosystems, undertaken by the NIWA and funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology with additional funding from the Ministry of Fisheries; Material from voyage TAN0802 was collected as part of the New Zealand International Polar Year—Census of Antarctic Marine Life, Ross Sea Biodiversity voyage 2008. We gratefully acknowledge IPY-CaML project governance provided by the Ministry of Fisheries Science Team and the Ocean Survey 20/20 CaML Advisory Group (Land Information New Zealand, New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries, Antarctica New Zealand, Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade, and National Institute of Water and Atmosphere Ltd); Material obtained during the interdisciplinary New Zealand–Australian “MacRidge 2” research voyage (TAN0803), the biological component of which was part of NIWA’s research project “Seamounts: their importance to fisheries and marine ecosystems” funded by the New Zealand Foundation for Research, Science and Technology, and CSIRO’s Division of Marine and Atmospheric Research project “Biodiversity Voyages of Discovery” funded by the CSIRO Wealth from Oceans Flagship. The Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census (CEAMARC) was a joint Australian, French and Japanese contribution to Census of Antarctic Marine Life (CAML). Dirk Steinke was supported by funding of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation to MarBOL. Laboratory analyses on sequences generated at the CCDB were funded by the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute (2008-OGI-ICI-03). We thank Blair Patullo and Natalie Calder (Museum Victoria) for preparing and photographing museum samples for the OPHAN Barcode of Life project; Marc Eléaume (Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris) for collecting and sending the CEAMARC samples to Museum Victoria; Suzi Lockhart (Californian Academy of Sciences) for collecting and sending the Andeep 2002, Icefish 2004, and US-AMLR 2009 ophiuroid material to Museum Victoria. Igor Smirnov’s travel to Australia and New Zealand to identify Antarctic material was jointly supported by funds from NIWA and Museum Victoria.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Museum Victoria, GPO Box 666, Melbourne, 3001, Australia

    Timothy D. O’Hara & Peter J. Smith

  2. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington, 6022, New Zealand

    V. Sadie Mills

  3. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia

    Igor Smirnov

  4. Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road E, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada

    Dirk Steinke

Authors
  1. Timothy D. O’Hara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Peter J. Smith
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. V. Sadie Mills
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Igor Smirnov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Dirk Steinke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Timothy D. O’Hara.

Electronic supplementary material

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary material 1 (PDF 699 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

O’Hara, T.D., Smith, P.J., Mills, V.S. et al. Biogeographical and phylogeographical relationships of the bathyal ophiuroid fauna of the Macquarie Ridge, Southern Ocean. Polar Biol 36, 321–333 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1261-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00300-012-1261-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation