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Effect of functionalizing sawdust as a reinforcement in two types of renewable polyurethane

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Abstract

In this work, composites were prepared in polyurethane (PU) matrices with sawdust fibers at levels of 10, 20 and 30%. The PU was obtained using polyols, castor oil and wood tar pitch (bio-pitch), reacted with a polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), in a ratio NCO/OH = 1:1, catalyzed by dibutyltin dilaurate. Two groups of composites were formulated: materials synthesized only with polyol castor oil (PU 0%), and those obtained with 25% bio-pitch and 75% castor oil (PU 25%). The sawdust fibers were previously modified by mercerization, followed by benzylation or reaction with toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The changes were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The addition of bio-pitch to the matrix caused an increase in its porosity and a decrease in density. The sawdust showed good adhesion to the matrix containing bio-pitch, which was confirmed by the increase in the mechanical properties of its composites. The water absorption results showed that the matrix composites containing bio-pitch are more hydrophobic, with greater intercrossing, which corroborates the evaluation of good fiber–matrix interaction. Vegetable pitch seems to behave as a coupling agent between the fiber and the matrix, presenting itself as a suitable polyol for the synthesis of composites from renewable sources.

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Acknowledgements

This work was carried out through scientific cooperation with the Federal University of Minas Gerais and the analysis carried out at the Laboratory of Applied Physics of the CDTN to whom I would like to thank.

Funding

Benzylation ensured a lower water absorption to the composites generated with 20% and 30% of these fibers due to the benzene rings exposed on the fiber surface.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Ciências Naturais, CEUNES, UFES, São Mateus, ES, Brazil

    Breno Nonato de Melo & Carla da Silva Meireles

  2. Departamento de Química, ICEx, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa

  3. Laboratório de Física Aplicada, CDTN, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil

    Maximiliano Delany Martins & Waldemar Augusto de Almeida Macedo

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  1. Breno Nonato de Melo
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Correspondence to Breno Nonato de Melo.

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de Melo, B.N., Pasa, V.M.D., Martins, M.D. et al. Effect of functionalizing sawdust as a reinforcement in two types of renewable polyurethane. Polym. Bull. 81, 3107–3126 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-023-04833-2

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