Abstract
Background
The objective of this study was to assess the effect of intrahepatic injection of bone-derived green fluorescent protein (GFP)-transgenic murine mesenchymal stem cells (GFP-mMSCs) containing the human insulin(ins) gene in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice.
Methods
GFP-mMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of GFP transgenic mice, expanded, and transfected with a recombinant retrovirus MSCV carrying the human insulin gene. C57BL/6J mice were made diabetic by an intraperitoneal administration of 160 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ), followed by intrahepatic injection of transfected GFP-mMSCs. The variations in body weight and the blood glucose and serum insulin levels were determined after cell transplantation. GFP-mMSCs survival and human insulin expression in liver tissues were examined by fluorescent microscopy and immunohistochemistry.
Results
The body weight in diabetic mice that received GFP-mMSCs harboring the human insulin gene was increased by 6% within 6 weeks after treatment, and the average blood glucose levels in these animals were 10.40 ± 2.80 mmol/l (day 7) and 6.50 ± 0.89 mmol/l (day 42), respectively, while the average values of blood glucose in diabetic animals without treatment were 26.80 ± 2.49 mmol/l (day 7) and 25.40 ± 4.10 mmol/l (day 42), showing a significant difference (p < 0.05). Moreover, secretion of human insulin of GFP-mMSCs in serum and animal liver was detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).
Conclusions
Experimental diabetes could be relieved effectively for up to 6 weeks by intrahepatic transplantation of murine mesenchymal stem cells expressing human insulin. This study implies a novel approach of gene therapy for type I diabetes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Hornum L, Markholst H (2004) New autoimmune genes and the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 4:135–142
Roep BO (2003) The role of T-cells in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: from cause to cure. Diabetologia 46:305–321
Gillespie KM (2006) Type 1 diabetes: pathogenesis and prevention. Can Med Assoc J 175:165–170
Rother KI, Harlan DM (2004) Challenges facing islet transplantation for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Invest 114:877–883
Lakey JR, Mirbolooki M, Shapiro AM (2006) Current status of clinical islet cell transplantation. Methods Mol Biol 333:47–104
Abai AM, Hobart PM, Barnhart KM (1999) Insulin delivery with plasmid DNA. Hum Gene Ther 10:2637–2649
Goldfine ID, German MS, Tseng HC, et al. (1997) The endocrine secretion of human insulin and growth hormone by exocrine glands of the gastrointestinal tract. Nat Biotechnol 15:1378–1382
Mitanchez D, Chen R, Massias JF, et al. (1998) Regulated expression of mature human insulin in the liver of transgenic mice. FEBS Lett 421:285–289
Valera A, Fillat C, Costa C, et al. (1994) Regulated expression of human insulin in the liver of transgenic mice corrects diabetic alterations. FASEB J 8:440–447
Wu L, Nicholson W, Wu CY, et al. (2003) Engineering physiologically regulated insulin secretion in non-beta cells by expressing glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor. Gene Ther 10:1712–1720
Cheung AT, Dayanandan B, Lewis JT, et al. (2000) Glucose-dependent insulin release from genetically engineered K cells. Science 290:1959–1962
Lu YC, Sternini C, Rozengurt E, et al. (2005) Release of transgenic human insulin from gastric G cells: a novel approach for the amelioration of diabetes. Endocrinology 146:2610–2619
Grove JE, Bruscia E, Krause DS (2004) Plasticity of bone marrow-derived stem cells. Stem Cells 22:487–500
Vats A, Bielby RC, Tolley NS, et al. (2005) Stem cells. Lancet 366:592–602
Jorgensen C, Djouad F, Apparailly F, et al. (2003) Engineering mesenchymal stem cells for immunotherapy. Gene Ther 10:928–931
Shah R, **dal RM (2003) Reversal of diabetes in the rat by injection of hematopoietic stem cells infected with recombinant adeno-associated virus containing the preproinsulin II gene. Pancreatology 3:422–428
Gervaix A, Schwarz L, Law P, et al. (1997) Gene therapy targeting peripheral blood CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells of HIV-infected individuals. Hum Gene Ther 8:2229–2238
Kang J, Wither J, Hozumi N (1990) Long-term expression of a T-cell receptor beta-chain gene in mice reconstituted with retrovirus-infected hematopoietic stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:9803–9807
Pittenger MF, Martin BJ (2004) Mesenchymal stem cells and their potential as cardiac therapeutics. Circ Res 95:9–20
Lu Y, Wang Z, Zhu M (2006) Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with human insulin genes can secrete insulin stably. Ann Clin Lab Sci 36:127–136
Guo Z, Li H, Li X, et al. (2006) In vitro characteristics and in vivo immunosuppressive activity of compact bone-derived murine mesenchymal progenitor cells. Stem Cells 24:992–1000
Sugiyama A, Hattori S, Tanaka S, et al. (1997) Defective adenoassociated viral-mediated transfection of insulin gene by direct injection into liver parenchyma decreases blood glucose of diabetic mice. Horm Metab Res 29:599–603
Hamada H, Kobune M, Nakamura K, et al. (2005) Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as therapeutic cytoreagents for gene therapy. Cancer Sci 96:149–156
Prockop DJ (2003) Further proof of the plasticity of adult stem cells and their role in tissue repair. J Cell Biol 160:807–809
Jorgensen C, Djouad F, Apparailly F, et al. (2003) Engineering mesenchymal stem cells for immunotherapy. Gene Ther 10:928–931
Urban SV, Kiss J, Vas V, et al. (2006) [Stem cell therapy for diabetes mellitus: progress, prospects and challenges]. Orv Hetil 147:791–797
Thomas CE, Ehrhardt A, Kay MA (2003) Progress and problems with the use of viral vectors for gene therapy. Nat Rev Genet 4:346–358
Tomanin R, Scarpa M (2004) Why do we need new gene therapy viral vectors? Characteristics, limitations and future perspectives of viral vector transduction. Curr Gene Ther 4:357–372
Wells DJ (2004) Gene therapy progress and prospects: electroporation and other physical methods. Gene Ther 11:1363–1369
Plumas J, Chaperot L, Richard MJ, et al. (2005) Mesenchymal stem cells induce apoptosis of activated T cells. Leukemia 19:1597–604
Zappia E, Casazza S, Pedemonte E, et al. (2005) Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis inducing T-cell anergy. Blood 106:1755–1761
Saito T, Kuang JQ, Bittira B, et al. (2002) Xenotransplant cardiac chimera: immune tolerance of adult stem cells. Ann Thorac Surg 74:19–24; discussion 24
Fandrich F, Lin X, Chai GX, et al. (2002) Preimplantation-stage stem cells induce long-term allogeneic graft acceptance without supplementary host conditioning. Nat Med 8:171–178
Harrington K, Alvarez-Vallina L, Crittendent NM, et al. (2002) Cells as vehicles for cancer gene therapy: the missing link between targeted vectors and systemic delivery. J Hum Gene Ther 13:1263–1280
Lee K, Majumdar MK, Buyaner D, et al. (2001) Human mesenchymal stem cells maintain transgene expression during expansion and differentiation. Mol Ther 3:857–866
Kopen GC, Prockop DJ, Phinney DG (1999) Marrow stromal cells migrate throughout forebrain and cerebellum, and they differentiate into astrocytes after injection into neonatal mouse brains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:10711–10716
Gao Z, Golob J, Tanavde VM, et al. (2001) High levels of transgene expression following transduction of long-term NOD/SCID-repopulating human cells with a modified lentiviral vector. Stem Cells 19:247–259
Pannell D, Osborne CS, Yao S, et al. (2000) Retrovirus vector silencing is de novo methylase independent and marked by a repressive histone code. EMBO J 19:5884–5894
Hawley RG (2001) Progress toward vector design for hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy. Curr Gene Ther 1:1–17
Kan Z, Liu TJ (1999) Video microscopy of tumor metastasis: using the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene as a cancer-cell-labeling system. Clin Exp Metastasis 17:49–55
Lin Y, Chen X, Yan Z, et al. (2006) Multilineage differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells from GFP transgenic mice. Mol Cell Biochem 285:69–78
Kadowaki A, Tsukazaki T, Hirata K, et al. (2004) Isolation and characterization of a mesenchymal cell line that differentiates into osteoblasts in response to BMP-2 from calvariae of GFP transgenic mice. Bone 34:993–1003
Ewing P, Wilke A, Brockhoff G, et al. (2003) Isolation and transplantation of allogeneic pulmonary endothelium derived from GFP transgenic mice. J Immunol Methods 283:307–315
Deutsch G, Jung J, Zheng M, et al. (2001) A bipotential precursor population for pancreas and liver within the embryonic endoderm. Development 128:871–881
Jung J, Zheng M, Goldfarb M, et al. (1999) Initiation of mammalian liver development from endoderm by fibroblast growth factors. Science 284:1998–2003
Rao MS, Dwivedi RS, Yeldandi AV, et al. (1989) Role of periductal and ductular epithelial cells of the adult rat pancreas in pancreatic hepatocyte lineage. A change in the differentiation commitment. Am J Pathol 134:1069–1086
Krakowski ML, Kritzik MR, Jones EM, et al. (1999) Pancreatic expression of keratinocyte growth factor leads to differentiation of islet hepatocytes and proliferation of duct cells. Am J Pathol 154:683–691
Dabeva MD, Hwang SG, Vasa SR, et al. (1997) Differentiation of pancreatic epithelial progenitor cells into hepatocytes following transplantation into rat liver. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:7356–7361
Wang X, Al-Dhalimy M, Lagasse E, et al. (2001) Liver repopulation and correction of metabolic liver disease by transplanted adult mouse pancreatic cells. Am J Pathol 158:571–579
Suzuki A, Zheng YW, Kaneko S, et al. (2002) Clonal identification and characterization of self-renewing pluripotent stem cells in the develo** liver. J Cell Biol 156:173–184
Lee HC, Kim SJ, Kim KS, et al. (2000) Remission in models of type 1 diabetes by gene therapy using a single-chain insulin analogue. Nature 408:483–488
Van Damme A, Chuah MK, Dell’accio F, et al. (2003) Bone marrow mesenchymal cells for haemophilia A gene therapy using retroviral vectors with modified long-terminal repeats. Haemophilia 9:94–103; Erratum. Haemophilia 2003;9:345
Kintsurashvili E, Zhou D, Wheeler MB, et al. (1998) Genetic engineering of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Artif Cells Blood Substit Immobil Biotechnol 26:329–40
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, J., Lu, Y., Ding, F. et al. Reversal of Diabetes in Mice by Intrahepatic Injection of Bone-derived GFP-murine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Infected with the Recombinant Retrovirus-carrying Human Insulin Gene. World J Surg 31, 1872–1882 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9168-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00268-007-9168-2