Abstract
Background
During the past several years, the morbidities of prostate diseases have increased sharply all over the world. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an MR-based technique that probes the function of tissues. We attempt to investigate the diagnostic value of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in normal prostate gland and prostate diseases.
Materials and methods
A total of 16 healthy volunteers, 9 prostate cysts, 29 benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and 21 prostatic carcinoma (Pca) underwent DWI, respectively. Their DWI and ADC characteristics were analyzed, and the diagnositic and differential diagnositic values of DWI and ADC were summarized. All of the BPH and Pca received a histological diagnosis.
Results
In DWI, the signal intensity of BPH nodule was nonhomogeneous and lower than that of the peripheral zone (PZ). Pca showed high signal intensity while the prostate cyst showed low intensity. The mean ADCs for the normal central gland, PZ, prostate cyst, BPH nodules, and Pca foci were (1.352 ± 0.052) × 10−3 mm2/s, (1.829 ± 0.071) × 10−3 mm2/s, (2.557 ± 0.084) × 10−3 mm2/s, (1.576 ± 0.101) × 10−3 mm2/s, and (0.934 ± 0.166) × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively (P = 0.000).
Conclusions
Diffusion-weighted imaging and ADCs for the normal central gland, PZ, prostate cyst, BPH nodules, and Pca demonstrate significant differences, and those can be used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the diseases of prostate.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. (2006) Cancer statistics. Cancer J Clin 56:106–130
Smith RA, Eschenbach AC, Wender R, et al. (2001) American cancer society guidelines for the early detection of cancer: update of early detection guidelines for prostate, colorectal, and endometrial cancers. Cancer J Clin 51:38–75
Perrotti M, Han KR, Epstein RE, et al. (1999) Prospective evaluation of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging to detect tumor foci in men with prior negative prostastic biopsy: a pilot study. J Urol 162:1314–1317
Barentsz JO, Engelbrecht M, Jager GJ, et al. (1999) Fast dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging of urinary bladder and prostate cancer. J Magn Reson Imaging 10:295–304
Heverhagen JT, Tengg-Kobligk H, Baudendistel KT, et al. (2004) Benign prostate hyperplasia: evaluation of treatment response with DCE MRI. MAGMA 17:5–11
Hara N, Okuizumi M, Koike H, et al. (2005) Dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) is a useful modality for the precise detection and staging of early prostate cancer. Prostate 62:140–147
Dhingsa R, Qayyum A, Coakley FV, et al. (2004) Prostate cancer localization with endorectal MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging: effect of clinical data on reader accuracy. Radiology 230:215–220
Coakley FV, Teh HS, Qayyum A, et al. (2004) Endorectal MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging for locally recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiation therapy: preliminary experience. Radiology 233:441–448
Swindle P, McCredie S, Russell P, et al. (2003) Pathologic characterization of human prostate tissue with proton MR spectroscopy. Radiology 228:144–151
Zakian KL, Eberhardt S, Hricak H, et al. (2003) Transition zone prostate cancer: metabolic characteristics at 1H MR spectroscopic imaging—initial results. Radiology 229:241–247
Claus FG, Hricak H, Hattery RR (2004) Pretreatment evaluation of prostate cancer: role of MR imaging and 1HMR spectroscopy. Radio Graphics 24:S167–S180
Leuthardt EC, Wippold FJ, Oswood MC, et al. (2002) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging in the preoperative assessment of brain abscesses. Surg Neurol 58:395–402
Bammer R (2003) Basic principles of diffusion-weighted imaging. Eur J Radiol 45:169–184
Bammer R, Keeling SL, Augustin M, et al. (2001) Improved diffusion weighted single-shot echo-planar imaging (EPI) in stroke using sensitivity encoding (SENSE). Magn Reson Med 46:548–554
Taouli B, Vilgrain V, Dumont E, et al. (2003) Evaluation of liver diffusion isotropy and characterization of focal hepatic lesions with two single-shot echo-planar MR imaging sequences: prospective study in 66 patients. Radiology 226:71–78
Hosseinzadeh K, Schwarz SD (2004) Endorectal diffusion-weighted imaging in prostate cancer to differentiate malignant and benign peripheral zone tissue. J Magn Reson Imaging 20:654–661
Gibbs P, Tozer DJ, Liney GP, et al. (2001) Comparison of quantitative T2 map** and diffusion-weighted imaging in the normal and pathologic prostate. Magn Reson Med 46:1054–1058
Manenti G, Squillaci E, Roma M, et al. (2006) In vivo measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient in normal and malignant prostatic tissue using thin-slice echo-planar imaging. Radiol med 111:1124–1133
Naganawa S, Kawai H, Fukatsu H, et al. (2005) Diffusion-weighted imaging of the liver: technical challenges and prospects for the future. Magn Reson Med Sci 4:175–186
McNeal JE (1998) Anatomy and normal histology of the human prostate. In: Foster CS, Bostwick DG (eds). Pathology of the prostate. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, pp 19–34
Song SK, Qu Z, Garabedian EM, et al. (2002) Improved magnetic resonance imaging detection of prostate cancer in a transgenic mouse model. Cancer Res 62:1555–1558
Deering RE, Bigler SA, Brawer MK, et al. (1995) Mcrovascularity in benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate 26:111–115
Acknowledgment
Our work was done at the Department of Radiology, ****g Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Chang Le Western Road No. 15, **’an 710032, People’s Republic of China.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ren, J., Huan, Y., Wang, H. et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in normal prostate and differential diagnosis of prostate diseases. Abdom Imaging 33, 724–728 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-008-9361-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00261-008-9361-2