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Determination of citalopram in fish brain tissue: benefits of coupling laser diode thermal desorption with low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry

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Abstract

Recent state-of-the-art methods developed for the analysis of polar xenobiotics from different types of biological matrices usually employ liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. However, there are limitations when a small amount of sample mass is available. For example, individual benthic invertebrates or fish tissue samples often weigh less than 100 mg (e.g., brain, liver) but are necessary to understand environmental fate and bioaccumulation dynamics. We developed ultra-fast methods based on a direct sample introduction technique. This included coupling laser diode thermal desorption with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LDTD-APCI-MS). We then quantitated a common selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (citalopram) in brain tissues of individual juvenile fish after in vivo exposure to environmentally relevant concentration. Two mass spectrometric methods based on low (LDTD-APCI-triple quadrupole (QqQ)-MS/MS) and high (LDTD-APCI-high-resolution product scan (HRPS)) resolutions were developed and evaluated. Individual instrument conditions were optimized to achieve an accurate and robust analytical method with minimum sample preparation requirements. We achieved very good recovery (97–108%) across the range of 1–100 ng g−1 for LDTD-APCI-HRPS. LDTD-APCI-QqQ-MS/MS showed poorer performance due to interferences from the matrix at the lowest concentration level. LDTD-APCI ionization was successfully validated for analysis of non-filtered sample extracts. Evaluation of final methods was performed for a set of real fish brain samples, including comparison of LDTD-APCI-HRPS with a previously validated LC-heated electrospray ionization-HRPS method. This new LDTD-APCI-HRPS method avoids the chromatographic step and provides important benefits such as analysis of limited sample masses, lower total sample volume (typically μL), and reduction in analysis time per sample run to a few seconds.

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Funding

The study was financially supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic projects “CENAKVA” (LM2018099) and “CENAKVA Center Development (No. CZ.1.05/2.1.00/19.0380)” and by the Czech Science Foundation (No. 18-15802S).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic

    Adam Borik, Andrea Vojs Staňová, Bryan W. Brooks, Kateřina Grabicová, Tomáš Randák & Roman Grabic

  2. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovak Republic

    Andrea Vojs Staňová

  3. Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biomedical Studies, Center for Reservoir and Aquatic Systems Research, Baylor University, Waco, TX, 76798, USA

    Bryan W. Brooks

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  1. Adam Borik
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Correspondence to Adam Borik.

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Research involving animals

This experiment was performed in accordance with the EU-harmonized Animal Welfare Act of the Czech Republic. The research facility is authorized under (No. 53100/2013-MZE-17214) the framework of the law against Animal Cruelty of the Czech Republic (No. 246/1992), with the ethical approval committee number MSMT-6744/2018-4.

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Borik, A., Staňová, A.V., Brooks, B.W. et al. Determination of citalopram in fish brain tissue: benefits of coupling laser diode thermal desorption with low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 4353–4361 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02672-y

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