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Islanding event detection technique based on change in apparent power in microgrid environment

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Abstract

Malfunctioning of islanding detection algorithms leads to system instability, failure of reclosing, and damage to load-side equipment. It also threatens security personnel. Therefore, islanding detection is an essential task for the proper functioning of the distribution system. In this paper, an islanding detection technique is presented for a grid-connected distributed power generation system. The proposed islanding detection technique is based on the change in superimposed positive sequence apparent power (CSPSAP). The CSPSAP-based islanding detection technique discriminates islanding and non-islanding events. The accessibility of positive sequence components makes the technique suitable for islanding detection for a wide range of active and reactive power mismatches. It works effectively in zero power mismatch conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is verified for islanding events in cases of distributed generation disconnection with the inclusion of noise, various irradiances, and unbalanced load. Even the proposed technique proves its efficacy under various non-islanding events such as capacitor switching, different fault cases, and load switching. The impact of the proposed technique is also validated in cases of islanding and non-islanding under weak grid systems. The proposed islanding detection technique is fast due to the utilization of local measured parameters at the point of common coupling and does not have power quality degradation issues. Effects of the false detection zone and non-detection zone are also discussed with regard to the proposed technique. The proposed technique is also validated on the real-time platform of the OPAL-RT. MATLAB 2018a software is considered to model and simulate a microgrid.

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Data availability

The data have been utilized in this research paper can be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Abbreviations

CSPSAP :

Change in superimposed negative

APM:

Active power mismatch

IE and NIE:

Islanding and non-islanding event

FDZ:

False detection zone

NDZ:

Non-detection zone

APM:

Active power mismatch

DG:

Distribution system

THD:

Total harmonic distortion

ROCOF:

Rate of change of frequency

ROCOP:

Rate of change of power

PCC:

Point of common coupling

PLL:

Phase-locked loop

CB:

Circuit breaker

PS and NS:

Positive and negative sequence

IDT:

Islanding detection zone

AS:

Alert signal

UOV:

Under/over voltage

SNR:

Signal-to-noise ratio

ROCONSV:

Rate of change of negative sequence voltage

LPF:

Low-pass filter

UOF:

Under/over frequency

P and Q :

Active and reactive power

V pcc :

PCC voltage

I dg :

DG current

ma:

Modulation index

θ :

Shift angle

V 1, I 1 :

Positive sequence voltage and current

V a, V b, V c :

Phase voltages

I a, I b, I c :

Phase currents

Z 1L :

Complex PQ load

R f :

Fault resistance

Z 1B :

Thevenin equivalent impedance

∆S 1 :

Change in apparent power

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Acknowledgements

This work has not been supported or funded by any organization.

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  1. NIT Jamshedpur, Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, 831014, India

    Munna Kumar & Jitendra Kumar

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  1. Munna Kumar
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Munna Kumar- Study concept, design, paper writing, interpretation of results and manuscript prepration. Jitendra Kumar- Reviewed the results and manuscript for final version.

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Kumar, M., Kumar, J. Islanding event detection technique based on change in apparent power in microgrid environment. Electr Eng 105, 1447–1463 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00202-023-01750-5

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