SpringerLink
Log in

Numerical and experimental investigation on the forming behaviour of stainless/carbon steel bimetal composite

  • ORIGINAL ARTICLE
  • Published:
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Bimetal composites have wide applications due to their excellent overall performance and relatively low cost. In this study, the formability of stainless/carbon steel bimetal medium-thick composite in the stam** process without blank holder was investigated by finite element (FE) simulations and experiments. Uniaxial tensile tests on substrate metal (carbon steel) and clad metal (stainless steel) were first conducted, respectively, in order to obtain the material properties of each metal layer required in the FE simulation. Processing variables, including the layer stacking sequence, relative thickness ratios of two layers and friction conditions, were considered, and their effects on the magnitude of press load and distributions of thickness strain for predicting the high-risk region of necking during stam** were discussed. Experimental tests were carried out to verify the simulation results. It is indicated that simulation results can be used as an evaluation indicator to ensure the bimetal medium-thick composite can be safely formed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Germany)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Yilamu K, Hino R, Hamasaki H, Yoshida F (2010) Air bending and springback of stainless steel clad aluminum sheet. J Mater Process Technol 210:272–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2009.09.010

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Bai Q-L, Zhang L-J, **e M-X, Yang H-X, Zhang J-X (2017) An investigation into the inhomogeneity of the microstructure and mechanical properties of explosive welded H62-brass/Q235B-steel clad plates. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90:1351–1363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9440-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Al-Ghamdi KA, Hussain G (2016) On the comparison of formability of roll-bonded steel-cu composite sheet metal in incremental forming and stam** processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 87:267–278. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-8488-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Deqing W, Ziyuan S, Ruobin Q (2007) Cladding of stainless steel on aluminum and carbon steel by interlayer diffusion bonding. Scr Mater 56:369–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2006.11.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Xu J, Gao X, Jiang Z, Wei D, Jiao S (2016) Microstructure and hot deformation behaviour of high-carbon steel/low-carbon steel bimetal prepared by centrifugal composite casting. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 86:817–827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-8232-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Li Z, Zhao J, Jia F, Zhang Q, Liang X, Jiao S, Jiang Z (2018) Analysis of bending characteristics of bimetal steel composite. Int J Mech Sci 148:272–283. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2018.08.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Oya T, Tiesler N, Kawanishi S, Yanagimoto J, Koseki T (2010) Experimental and numerical analysis of multilayered steel sheets upon bending. J Mater Process Technol 210:1926–1933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2010.07.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Khodadad Motarjemi A, Koçak M, Ventzke V (2002) Mechanical and fracture characterization of a bi-material steel plate. Int J Press Vessel Pip 79:181–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-0161(02)00012-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bagherzadeh S, Mollaei-Dariani B, Malekzadeh K (2012) Theoretical study on hydro-mechanical deep drawing process of bimetallic sheets and experimental observations. J Mater Process Technol 212:1840–1849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2012.04.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Liu BX, Yin FX, Dai XL, He JN, Fang W, Chen CX, Dong YC (2017) The tensile behaviors and fracture characteristics of stainless steel clad plates with different interfacial status. Mater Sci Eng A 679:172–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.10.033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Parsa MH, Mohammadi SV, Aghchai AJ (2014) Al3105/polypropylene/Al3105 laminates springback in V-die bending. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 75:849–860. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-014-6173-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Liu W, Sun X, Ruokolainen R, Gayden X (2007) Investigation of forming performance of laminated steel sheets using finite element analyses. AIP Conf Proc 908:895–900. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2740924

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Mori T, Kurimoto S (1996) Press-formability of stainless steel and aluminum clad sheet. J Mater Process Technol 56:242–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(95)01838-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Kapie Ski S (1996) Analytical and experimental analysis of deep drawing process for bimetal elements. J Mater Process Technol 60:197–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(96)02328-X

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Takuda H, Fujimoto H, Hatta N (1998) Formabilities of steel/aluminium alloy laminated composite sheets. J Mater Sci 33:91–97. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004393529187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Takuda H, Hatta N (1998) Numerical analysis of the formability of an aluminum 2024 alloy sheet and its laminates with steel sheets. Metall Mater Trans A 29:2829–2834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0323-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Takuda H, Mori K, Fujimoto H, Hatta N (1996) Prediction of forming limit in deep drawing of Fe/Al laminated composite sheets using ductile fracture criterion. J Mater Process Technol 60:291–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/0924-0136(96)02344-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Yoshida F, Hino R (1997) Forming limit of stainless steel-clad aluminium sheets under plane stress condition. J Mater Process Technol 63:66–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(96)02601-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Parsaa Habibi Mohammad YK, Norio T (2001) Redrawing analysis of aluminum–stainless-steel laminated sheet using FEM simulations and experiments. Int J Mech Sci 43:2331–2347

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Huang Y-M (2007) An elasto-plastic finite element analysis of the sheet metal stretch flanging process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 34:641–648. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-0958-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Morovvati MR, Fatemi A, Sadighi M (2011) Experimental and finite element investigation on wrinkling of circular single layer and two-layer sheet metals in deep drawing process. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 54:113–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2931-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Li H, Chen J, Yang J (2013) Experiment and numerical simulation on delamination during the laminated steel sheet forming processes. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 68:641–649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-013-4785-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tseng H-C, Hung C, Huang C-C (2010) An analysis of the formability of aluminum/copper clad metals with different thicknesses by the finite element method and experiment. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 49:1029–1036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-009-2446-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Tseng H-C, Hung J-C, Hung C, Lee M-F (2011) Experimental and numerical analysis of titanium/aluminum clad metal sheets in sheet hydroforming. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 54:93–111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-010-2911-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Atrian A, Fereshteh-Saniee F (2013) Deep drawing process of steel/brass laminated sheets. Compos Part B 47:75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2012.10.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Dehghani F, Salimi M (2016) Analytical and experimental analysis of the formability of copper-stainless-steel 304L clad metal sheets in deep drawing. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 82:163–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-7359-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Jalali Aghchai A, Shakeri M, Mollaei Dariani B (2013) Influences of material properties of components on formability of two-layer metallic sheets. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 66:809–823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-012-4368-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Aghchai AJ, Shakeri M, Mollaei-Dariani B (2008) Theoretical and experimental formability study of two-layer metallic sheet (Al1100/St12). Proc Inst Mech Eng B 222:1131–1138. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544054JEM1140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Wu J, Zou F (2016) Deep drawing failure map of a coated metal sheet based on the process parameters. J Fail Anal Prev 16:361–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0097-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Wu J, Ma Z, Zhou Y, Lu C (2013) Prediction of failure modes during deep drawing of metal sheets with nickel coating. J Mater Sci Technol 29:1059–1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2013.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Afshin E, Kadkhodayan M (2015) An experimental investigation into the warm deep-drawing process on laminated sheets under various grain sizes. Mater Des 87:25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.07.061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Karajibani E, Hashemi R, Sedighi M (2015) Determination of forming limit curve in two-layer metallic sheets using the finite element simulation. Proc Inst Mech Eng L 230:1018–1029. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464420715593565

    Google Scholar 

  33. Karajibani E, Fazli A, Hashemi R (2015) Numerical and experimental study of formability in deep drawing of two-layer metallic sheets. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 80:113–121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-015-6978-5

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Hashemi R, Karajibani E (2016) Forming limit diagram of Al-Cu two-layer metallic sheets considering the Marciniak and Kuczynski theory. Proc Inst Mech Eng B 0954405416654419. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954405416654419

  35. Karajibani E, Hashemi R, Sedighi M (2017) Forming limit diagram of aluminum-copper two-layer sheets: numerical simulations and experimental verifications. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90:2713–2722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9585-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Choi S-H, Kim K-H, Oh KH, Lee DN (1997) Tensile deformation behavior of stainless steel clad aluminum bilayer sheet. Mater Sci Eng A 222:158–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(96)10514-1

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Jiang ZY, Tieu AK (2002) Elastic–plastic finite element method simulation of thin strip with tension in cold rolling. J Mater Process Technol 130–131:511–515. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(02)01020-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Jiang ZY, Tieu AK (2001) A simulation of three-dimensional metal rolling processes by rigid-plastic finite element method. J Mater Process Technol 112:144–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00572-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Fereshteh-Saniee F, Pillinger I, Hartley P (2004) Friction modelling for the physical simulation of the bulk metal forming processes. J Mater Process Technol 153:151–156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2004.04.217

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Liu J-G, Xue W (2013) Formability of AA5052/polyethylene/AA5052 sandwich sheets. Trans Nonferrous Metals Soc China 23:964–969. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(13)62553-4

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Luo L, Wei D, Wang X, Zhou C, Huang Q, Xu J, Wu D, Jiang Z (2017) Effects of hydraulic pressure on wrinkling and earing in micro hydro deep drawing of SUS304 circular cups. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 90:189–197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-016-9380-z

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support from Baosteel-Australia Joint Research and Development Centre (BAJC) under project of BA-16009. The first author is greatly thankful for the scholarship support (IPTA) from the University of Wollongong and scholarship support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The authors wish to gratefully acknowledge the help of Dr. Madeleine Strong Cincotta in the final language editing of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Mechanical, Materials, Mechatronic and Biomedical Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia

    Zhou Li, **gwei Zhao, Fanghui Jia & Zhengyi Jiang

  2. Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., Ltd., Baosteel Research Institute (R&D Centre), Shanghai, 200431, China

    Qingfeng Zhang, **aojun Liang & Sihai Jiao

Authors
  1. Zhou Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. **gwei Zhao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Fanghui Jia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qingfeng Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. **aojun Liang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sihai Jiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Zhengyi Jiang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Zhengyi Jiang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Li, Z., Zhao, J., Jia, F. et al. Numerical and experimental investigation on the forming behaviour of stainless/carbon steel bimetal composite. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 101, 1075–1083 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2985-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-018-2985-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation