Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die radikale Zystektomie (rCx) stellt nach wie vor die häufigste Therapieoption beim lokal begrenzten muskelinvasiven Urothelkarzinom in Deutschland dar. Verschiedene Modifikationen in der prä-, peri- und postoperativen Phase haben zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung des Outcomes geführt.
Ziel der Arbeit
Die vorliegende Arbeit soll einen guten Überblick über die aktuelle Datenlage hinsichtlich einer optimalen Vorbereitung und Durchführung der rCx mit anschließender Harnableitung bei Patienten mit Harnblasenkarzinom geben.
Material und Methoden
Hinsichtlich der Vorbereitung, der Durchführung der rCx sowie der anschließenden Harnableitung erfolgten jeweils separate Datenanalysen.
Ergebnisse
Die Zeit von der Indikation bis zur Durchführung der rCx sollte optimal genutzt werden. Hierbei ist insbesondere auf die frühzeitige Einstellung von Komorbiditäten zu achten. Zahlreiche ERAS-(„enhanced recovery after surgery“) und Fast-track-Konzepte sollten fester Bestandteil des therapeutischen Managements sein. Bei der Durchführung der rCx mit Anlage einer Neoblase spielt der Erhalt der Kontinenz und der Erektionsfähigkeit eine besondere Rolle. Gerade die Behandlung in einem spezialisierten Zentrum mit hoher Fallzahl kann hier zu einer Verbesserung des Outcomes führen. Auch die rCx mit intra- oder extrakorporaler Harnableitung wird inzwischen in minimal-invasiver roboterassistierter Technik durchgeführt.
Diskussion
Bei der rCx mit folgender Harnableitung ist es sinnvoll und notwendig nach neuen Möglichkeiten zur weiteren Reduktion von Komplikationen zu suchen und damit einhergehend eine Verbesserung des Outcomes sowie der Lebensqualität unserer Patienten zu erreichen.
Abstract
Background
In Germany, radical cystectomy with urinary diversion is the primary therapeutic option for localized muscle invasive urothelial bladder cancer. Modifications in the pre-, peri-, and postoperative phase have significantly improved outcomes.
Objectives
Different factors and parameters are directly associated with patients’ outcome. An overview on how to best approach this procedure is provided in this article.
Materials and methods
The data regarding preparation and the procedure for the radical cystectomy followed by urinary diversion are separately analyzed.
Results
During the preoperative phase, Fast Track and ERAS (Enhanced Recovery after Surgery) concepts should be an integral part of therapeutic management. Different aspects of such models are presented and discussed. Comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, malnutrition or anemia should also be treated early. In the perioperative phase, optimized fluid management and close interaction with the anesthesiologist are needed. Use of vasopressors during surgery and controlled hypotension (about 80 mm Hg) help reduce perioperative blood loss. Blood product use should be minimized. The use of epidural anesthesia to improve the stress reaction of the body improves pain management and functional recovery. Radical cystectomy is associated with the best oncological outcome, preserving functional structures to maintain a good quality of life. Nerve-sparing procedures in men and women should be used where appropriate. The use of robotic assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) is also discussed.
Conclusion
The ileum conduit is still the most common urinary diversion worldwide. However, numerous other urinary diversions to provide patients with the highest quality of life are available. Centers with a high case load seem to be associated with an improved outcome.
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J. Noldus, G. Niegisch, A. Pycha und A. Karl geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.
Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.
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Noldus, J., Niegisch, G., Pycha, A. et al. Radikale Zystektomie und Harnableitung – worauf kommt es an?. Urologe 57, 673–678 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-018-0648-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00120-018-0648-9