Zusammenfassung
Die Therapie von Intensivpatienten wird oftmals durch Begleiterkrankungen oder komplexe Systemerkankungen wie Sepsis kompliziert. Die Notwendigkeit, für jeden Intensivpatienten ein individualisiertes Ernährungskonzept zu erstellen, gewinnt in den letzten Jahren zunehmend an Bedeutung, da diese wichtige supportive Maßnahme direkten Einfluss auf das Outcome des Patienten hat. Im vorliegenden Beitrag liegt ein besonderer Schwerpunkt auf den speziellen ernährungsmedizinischen Fragestellungen von Intensivpatienten. Die aktuellen Empfehlungen und Studien zu intensivmedizinisch relevanten Krankheitsbildern wie akutem sowie chronischem Nieren- und Leberversagen, akutem Lungenversagen und Sepsis werden präsentiert und diskutiert. Einen weiteren Fokus stellt die Etablierung eines geeigneten Ernährungsregimes für Patienten nach großen Operationen oder Polytrauma dar.
Abstract
Therapy of intensive care patients is often complicated by co-morbidities or complex systemic disorders such as sepsis. The necessity to generate an individualized nutritional regime has gained in importance in recent years as this essential part of supportive care has a direct impact on the prognosis of the patient. In the present article a special focus is put on particular questions of nutritional aspects of intensive care patients. The current guidelines and study data on disorders relevant in intensive care medicine, such as acute or chronic renal and liver failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis are presented and discussed. Another focus is the establishment of an adequate nutritional regime for patients after operations or suffering from multiple trauma.
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Notes
Alle Dosierungsempfehlungen beziehen sich hier und im Folgenden prinzipiell auf das idealisierte Körpergewicht.
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Interessenkonflikt
Der korrespondierende Autor weist für sich und seine Koautoren auf folgende Beziehungen hin: K. Mayer erhielt in den letzten 3 Jahren Honorare für produktneutrale Vorträge von Abbot, Baxler, B. Braun, Fresenius Kabi und Nestle. T.W. Felbinger erhielt in den letzten 3 Jahren Honorare für produktneutrale Vorträge von Abbot, Baxter, B. Braun, Fresenius Kabi und Nutrica.
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Hecker, M., Felbinger, T. & Mayer, K. Ernährung in der Intensivmedizin. Anaesthesist 62, 233–243 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-012-2011-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-012-2011-7