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S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization and migration to aggravate cerebral ischemia

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Abstract

Aim and objective

S100B has been found abundantly expressed in microglia during cerebral ischemia. However, S100B effects on phenotype changes and migration of microglia are unclear.

Methods

Real-time PCR of S100B, M1 and M2 markers were tested to characterize phenotypic changes in microglia in mice middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Migration assay and additional mechanism studies were performed to elucidate the role of NF-κB in S100B-mediated microglia M1/M2 phenotype change and migration. Finally, S100B treatment on MCAO models was performed to show the in vivo evidence.

Results

S100B was identified as an induced gene with its pattern in accordance with M1 markers in mice MCAO model. That S100B was promoted by M1 stimuli whereas inhibited by M2 stimuli further confirmed S100B a M1 marker. Moreover, S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization with enhanced migration ability and inhibits M2 polarization. Additionally, NF-κB is essential in S100B control in microglia M1/M2 polarization and migration. Furthermore, S100B aggravated cerebral ischemia in murine MCAO model and exacerbated the microglia M1 polarization and migration.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization to aggravate cerebral ischemia, and provide a better understanding on the therapeutic effects of S100B and/or its antagonist/neutralization antibody in stroke.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Grant from Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Public Welfare Social Development (Medical and Health) Science and Technology Project Foundation (Y20150026).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China

    Saijun Zhou, Weiqian Zhu, Yang Zhang, Sipei Pan & Jianhong Bao

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  1. Saijun Zhou
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  2. Weiqian Zhu
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Correspondence to Jianhong Bao.

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Responsible Editor: John Di Battista.

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Zhou, S., Zhu, W., Zhang, Y. et al. S100B promotes microglia M1 polarization and migration to aggravate cerebral ischemia. Inflamm. Res. 67, 937–949 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-018-1187-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-018-1187-y

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