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Identification of late blight, Colorado potato beetle, and blackleg resistance in three Mexican and two South American wild 2x (1EBN)Solanum species

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Abstract

Wild potatoes are important sources of genes for resistance to disease and insect pests. A collection of wild Mexican and South AmericanSolarium species from the US potato Genebank was evaluated under laboratory and/or field conditions for their reaction to late blight (Phytophthora infestans), Colorado potato beetle (CPB,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say), and blackleg (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (van Hall) Dye) in order to identify individual genotypes with multiple resistance genes. Late blight inoculations using aggressive isolates (US-8/A2 and US-11/A1 mating types) of P.infestans revealed a wide range of variation for resistance between and within the accessions of the wild species tested. For late blight, susceptible as well as moderately to highly resistant genotypes were observed in all the species tested. However, at least one accession from the three Mexican and one South American wild diploid species tested showed a relatively uniform high level of resistance toP. infestans. These includedS. bulbocastanum, S. pinnatisectum, S. cardiophyllum, andS. circaeifolium. Two accessions from South American speciesS. commersonii were highly susceptible to late blight. For the Colorado potato beetle test, only one species,S. pinnatisectum appeared uniformly resistant to CPB under field conditions. Results of screening for blackleg resistance showed that there were major differences between genotypes in the wild species. Accessions ofS. circaeifolium PI 498119 andS. bulbocastanum PI 243504 were identified as having significantly higher blackleg resistance than cultivated potato and the other wild species tested. However, genotypes from these two accessions were more susceptible to late blight and CPB. Characterization of theP. infestans isolate P1801C.16 used for late blight evaluation and multi-locus isolate tests using US-8/A2 and US-11/A1 races revealed that the resistance inS. pinnatisectum genotypes tested corresponded to a race-non-specific genetic system, which was different from any existing R genes.Solanum pin-natisectum genotypes with both high levels of late blight and CPB resistance as well as blackleg resistance genotypes identified in the present study represent a diverse gene pool that may be useful for development of new potato cultivars with multiple disease and insect resistance. The potential utilization of these valuable sources for improvement of cultivated potato is discussed.

Resumen

Las papas silvestres son la fuente importante de genes de resistencia a las enfermedades y piagas. Una colección de especies silvestres mexicanas y sudamericanas deSolanum del banco de genes de papa de EUA fue evaluada bajo condiciones de laboratorio y campo para reacción al tizón tardio (Phytophthora infestans), escarabajo Colorado de la papa (CPB,Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say) y pierna negra (Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (van Hall) Dye) con el objeto de identificar genotipos individuales con genes multiples de resistencia. Inoculaciones hechas usando aislamientos agresivos de P.infestans (tipos de apareamiento US-8/A2 y US-11/A1) revelaron un amplio rango de variación para resistencia entre y dentro de las accesiones de las especies silvestres probadas. Para tizón tardío se observaron tanto genotipos susceptibles como moderados a altamente resistentes en todas las especies probadas. Sin embargo, por lo menos una accesión de las especies silvestres diploides de las tres mexicanas y una sudamericana mostraron un alto nivel de resistencia relativamente uniforme aP. infestans. Estos incluyeronS. bulbocastanum, S. pinnatisectum, S. cardiophyllum yS. circaeifolium. Dos accesiones de la especie sudamericanaS. commersonii fueron altamente susceptible al tizón tardío. Solamente la especieS. pinnatisectum mostró resistencia uniforme al escarabajo Colorado bajo condiciones de campo. Los resultados del tamizado para resistencia a la pierna negra demostraron la existencia de diferencias mayores en las especies silvestres. Las accesiones deS. circaeifolium PI 498119 yS. bulbocas-tanum PI 243504 se identificaron como poseedoras de una resistencia significativamente alta a la pierna negra en comparacion con las especies cultivadas de papa, al igual que otras especies silvestres probadas. Sin embargo, los genotipos de estas dos accesiones fueron más susceptibles al tizón tardio y al escarabajo Colorado. La caracterización del aislamiento PI801C.16 usado para la evaluacién de tizón tardio y la prueba de aislamiento multi-locus utilizando las razas US-8/A2 y US-11/A1 revelaron que la resistencia en los genotipos probados deS. pinnatisectum, corresponden a una raza no específica del sistema genético, la cual era diferente de cualquiera de los genes R existentes. Los genotiposS. pinnatisectum con altos niveles de resistencia a tizón tardío y al escarabajo Colorado, lo mismo que los genotipos de resistencia a la pierna negra, identificados en el presente estudio representan un conjunto de genes que pueden ser utiles para el desarrollo de cultivares nuevos de papa con multiple resistencia a enfermedades y plagas. Se discute la utilizatión potencial de estas valiosas fuentes de resistencia para el mejoramiento de papa cultivada.

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Abbreviations

CPB:

Colorado potato beetle

DSV:

disease severity values

EBN:

Endosperm Balance Number

LRC:

Lethbridge Research Centre

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, P.O. Box 3000, TIJ 4B1, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

    Q. Chen, L. M. Kawchuk, D. R. Lynch, M. S. Goettel & D. K. Fujimoto

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  1. Q. Chen
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  2. L. M. Kawchuk
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  3. D. R. Lynch
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  4. M. S. Goettel
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Chen, Q., Kawchuk, L.M., Lynch, D.R. et al. Identification of late blight, Colorado potato beetle, and blackleg resistance in three Mexican and two South American wild 2x (1EBN)Solanum species. Am. J. Pot Res 80, 9–19 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02854552

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