SpringerLink
Log in

Rheological approach to the capillary penetration of coating into wood

  • Technical Articles
  • Published:
Journal of Coatings Technology

Abstract

The penetration of water- and solventborne binders into the capillaries of wood was studied as a function of the viscosity, surface tension, and capillary pressure according to the Washburn equation.

During the penetration, water is selectively removed from the coating, which causes a strong increase in viscosity that limits the penetration. Waterborne dispersions and emulsions showed a rapid increase in viscosity with increasing solid matter content. Surface tension of the binder and the adsorption of surfactants to the wood have an additional influence on the maximum penetration.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price includes VAT (Canada)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Meijer, M. de, Thurich, K., and Militz, H., “Comparative Study on Penetration Characteristics of Modern Wood Coatings,”Wood Sci. Technol., 32, 347–365 (1998).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Scheikl, M. and Dunky, M., “Measurement of Dynamic and Static Contact Angles on Wood for the Determination of Its Surface Tension and the Penetration of Liquids into the Wood Surface,”Holzforschung, 52, 89–94 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Militz, H. and Peek, R-D., “Möglichkeiten der Verbesserung einiger Eigenschaften von Pappelnholz durch Tränken mit wasserlöslichen Harzen,”Material und Organismen, 28, 55–73 (1993/94).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Banks, W.B., “Water Uptake by Scots Pine Sapwood, and Its Restriction by the Use of Water Repellents,”Wood Sci. Technol., 7, 271–284 (1971).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Loon, J. van, “The Interactions Between Paint and Surface,”J. Oil & Colour Chemists’ Assoc., 49 (10), 844–867 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rødsrud, G. and Sutcliff, E.J., “Alkyd Emulsions-Properties and Application. Results From Comparative Investigations of Penetration and Aging of Alkyds, Alkyd Emulsions, and Acrylic Dispersions,”Surf. Coat. Int., 77 (1), 7–16 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Nussbaum, R.M., Sutcliffe, E.J., and Hellgren, A.C., “Microautoradiographic Studies of the Penetration of Alkyd, Alkyd Emulsion, and Linseed Oil Coatings into Wood,”Journal of Coatings Technology, 70, No. 878, 49 (1998).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Nussbaum, R.M., “Penetration of Waterborne Alkyd Emulsions and Solventborne Alkyds into Wood,”Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff, 52, 389–393 (1994).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Dulien, F.A.L., El-Sayed, M.S., and Batra, V.K., “Rate of Capillary Rise in Porous Media with Nonuniform Pores,”J. Colloid Interface Sci., 60 (3), 498–506 (1977).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Marmur, A., “Capillary Rise and Hysteresis in Periodic Porous Media,”J. Colloid Interface Sci., 129 (1), 278–285 (1989).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Denesuk, M., Smith, G.L., Zelinski, B.J.J., Kreidl, N.J., and Uhlmann, D.R., “Capillary Penetration of Liquid Droplets into Porous Materials,”J. Colloid Interface Sci., 158, 114–120 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Borhan, A. and Rungta, K.K., “An Experimental Study of the Radial Penetration of Liquids in Thin Porous Substrates,”J. Colloid Interface Sci., 158, 403–411 (1993).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Washburn, E.W., “The Dynamics of Capillary Flow,”Physical Review, 17, 273–283 (1921).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Tollenaar, D., “Capillarity and Wetting in Paper Structures: Properties of Porous Systems,” In:Surfaces and Coatings Related to Paper and Wood, 1st ed., Marchessault, R.H. and Skaar, C. (Eds.), Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, NY, pp. 196–197 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Fengel, D. and Grosser, D., “Holz, Morphologie und Eigenschaften,” In:Ullmanns Encylopädie der Technischen Chemie, 4th Ed., Vol. 12, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 669–679, 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Stamm, A.J., “Passage of Liquids, Vapors, etc. through Softwoods,”U.S. Dept. Agr. Technical Bulletin, No. 929 (1946).

  17. Rijckaert, V., Acker, J. van, Stevens, M., Meijer, M. de, and Militz, H., “Quantitative Analysis of the Penetration of Waterborne Primers into Wood by Means of Fluorescence Microscopy,” inAdvances in Exterior Wood Coatings and CEN-Standardization, Proc. of PRA-Conference Brussels, paper 19, 1998.

  18. Meijer, M. de, Militz, H., and Thurich, K., “Surface Interactions Between Low VOC Coatings and Wooden Substrates,”Proc. 23rd FATIPEC Congress Brussels, Volume C, 191–214, 1996.

  19. Kerr, A.J. and Goring, D.A.I., “The Role of Hemicellulose in the Delignification of Wood,”Can. J. Chem., 53 (6), 952–959 (1975).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Tarkow, H., Feist, W.C., and Southerland, C.F., “Interaction of Wood with Polymeric Materials, Penetration Versus Molecular Size,”For. Prod. J., 16 (10), 61–65, (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Coté, W.A. and Robison, R.G., “A Comparative Study of Wood,”Journal of Paint Technology,40, No. 525, 427 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Schneider, M.H., “Scanning Electron Microscope Study of a Coating Component Deposited from Solution into Wood,”J. Oil & Colour Chemists’ Assoc., 62, 441–444, (1979).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Schneider, M.H. and Sharp, A.R., “A Model for the Uptake of Linseed Oil by Wood,”Journal of Coatings Technology,54, No. 693, 91–96 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vanderhoff, J.W., Bradford, E.B., and Carrington, W.K., “The Transport of Water Through Latex Films,”J. Polym. Sci., 41, 155–174 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Croll, S.G., “Drying of Latex Paint,”Journal of Coatings Technology,58, No. 734, 41 (1986).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Croll, S.G., “Heat and Mass Transfer in Latex Paints During Drying,”Journal of Coatings Technology,59, No. 751, 81 (1987).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Eckersley, S.T. and Rudin, A., “Drying Behaviour of Acrylic Latexes,”Prog. Org. Coat., 23, 384–402 (1994).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Sherman, P., “Rheological Properties of Emulsions,” inEncyclopedia of Emulsion Technology, Vol. 1, Becher, P. (Ed.), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 403–437, 1983.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Mooney, M.,J. Colloid Sci., 6, 162 (1951).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dougherty, T.J. and Krieger, I.,Adv. Colloid Interface Sci., 3, 111 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Frankel, N.A. and Acrivos, A.,Chem. Eng. Sci., 22, 847 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Janssen, J.W., Blom, C., and Mellema, J., “The Flow Curves of Latex Dispersions with Added Thickener,” (In Dutch),Verfkroniek 61 (6), 254–258 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  33. Janssen, J.W., Blom, C., and Mellema, J., “The Flow Curves of Latex Dispersions with Added Pigment and Thickener,” (In Dutch),Verfkroniek, 62 (7/8) (1989) 283–293.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kissling, R.L. and Gross, P.H., “Capillary Behaviour of Viscous Liquids,”J. Phys. Chem., 74 (2), 318–326 (1970).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Dillon, P.W., “Application of Critical Relative Humidity, an Evaporation Analog of Azeotropy, to the Drying of Waterborne Coatings,”Journal of Coatings Technology,49, No. 634, 38 (1977).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Löfflath, F., Gebhard, M., “Rheological Changes During the Drying of a Waterborne Latex Coating,”Journal of Coatings Technology,69, No. 867, 55 (1997).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Meijer, M. de, Thurich, K., and Militz, H., “Quantitative Measurements of Capillary Coating Penetration in Relation to Wood and Coating Properties,”Wood Sci. Technol., in press.

  38. Beetsma, J., “Alkyd Paints: From the Ease of Organic Solvents to the Difficulties of Water,”22nd FATIPEC Conference Budapest Vol. 2, 157–167, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Patton, T.C.,Paint Flow and Pigment Dispersion: A Rheological Approach to Coating and Ink Technology, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p. 99, 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Siau, J.F.,Transport Processes in Wood. Springer, Berlin, p. 29, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Deng, Y. and Abazeri, M., “Contact Angle Measurement of Wood Fibers in Surfactant and Polymer Solutions,”Wood Fiber Sci., 30 (2) 155–164 (1998).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. SHR Timber Research, The Netherlands

    Mari de Meijer, Barend van de Velde & Holger Militz

  2. Wood Science Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 342, NL-6700 AH, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Holger Militz

Authors
  1. Mari de Meijer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Barend van de Velde
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Holger Militz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

P.O. Box 497, NL-6700 AL Wageningen, The Netherlands

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

de Meijer, M., van de Velde, B. & Militz, H. Rheological approach to the capillary penetration of coating into wood. Journal of Coatings Technology 73, 39–51 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02698437

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02698437

Keywords

Search

Navigation