Summary
The Middle Ordovician Duwibong Formation (about 100 m thick), Korea, comprises various lithotypes deposited across a carbonate ramp. Their stacking patterns constitute several kinds of meter-scale, shallowing-upward carbonate cycles. Lithofacies associations are grouped into four depositional facies: deep- to mid-ramp, shoal-complex, lagoonal, and tidal-flat facies. These facies are composed of distinctive depositional cycles: deep subtidal, shallow subtidal, restricted marine, and peritidal cycles, respectively. The subtidal cycles are capped by subtidal lithofacies and indicate incomplete shallowing to the peritidal zone. The restricted marine and peritidal cycles are capped by tidal flat lithofacies and show evidence of subaerial exposure. These cycles were formed by higher frequency sea-level fluctuations with durations of 120 ky (fifth order), which were superimposed on the longer term sea-level events, and by sediment redistribution by storm-induced currents and waves. The stratigraphic succession of the Duwibong Formation represents a general regressive trend. The vertical facies change records the transition from a deep- to mid-ramp to shoal, to lagoon, into a peritidal zone. The depositional system of the Duwibong Formation was influenced by frequent storms, especially on the deep ramp to mid-ramp seaward of ooid shoals. The storm deposits comprise about 20% of the Duwibong sequence.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahr, W.M. (1973): The carbonate ramp: an alternative to the shelf model.—Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc. Transact.23, 221–225, 7 Figs., New Orleans
— (1985): Limestone depositional sequences on shelves and ramps: modern and ancient.—Geology Today1, 84–89, 12 Figs., London
Aigner, T. (1982): Calcareous tempestite: Storm-dominated stratification in Upper Muschelkalk Limestone (Middle Triassic, SW-Germany).—In: Einsele, G. & Seilacher, A. (eds.): Cyclic and event stratification.—180–198, 10 Figs., Berlin (Springer)
— (1985): Storm Depositional Systems.—174 p., Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences,3, 83 Figs., Berlin (Springer)
Algeo, T.J. & Wilkinson, B.H. (1988): Periodicity of mesoscale Phanerozoic sedimentary cycles and the role of Milankovitch orbital modulation.—J. Geol.96, 313–322, 3 Figs., 2 Tables, Chicago
Atwater, B.F. (1987): Evidence for great Holocene earthquakes along the outer coast of Washington State.—Science236, 942–944, 3 Figs., Washington, D.C.
Ball, M.M. (1967): Carbonate sand bodies of Florida and the Bahamas.—J. Sed. Petrol.37, 556–591, 40 Figs., 1 Table, Tulsa
Bosscher, H. & Schlager, W. (1993): Accumulation rates of carbonate platforms.—J. Geol.101, 345–355, 3 Figs., 1 Table, Chicago
Brett, C.E. (1983): Sedimentology, facies and depositional environments of the Rochester Shale (Silurian; Wenlockian) in western New York and Ontario.—J. Sed. Petrol.53, 947–971, 15 Figs., 2 Tables, Tulsa
Brookfield, M.E. & Brett, C.E. (1988): Paleoenvironments of the Mid-Ordovician (Upper Caradocian) Trenton Limestones of southern Ontario, Canada: storm sedimentation on a shoal-basin shelf model.—Sed. Geol.57, 75–105, 22 Figs., 1 Table, Amsterdam
Calvet, F. & Tucker, M.E. (1988): Outer ramp cycles in the Upper Muschelkalk of the Catalan Basin, northeast Spain.—Sed. Geol.,57, 185–198, 9 Figs., Amsterdam
Cheel, R.J. & Leckie, D.A. (1993): Hummocky cross-stratification. —In: Wright, V.P. (ed.): Sedimentology review 1.—103–122, 13 Figs., 1 Table, Oxford (Blackwell)
Cisne, J.L. (1986): Earthquakes recorded stratigraphically on carbonate platforms.—Nature323, 320–322, 3 Figs., London
Cloyd, K.C., Demicco, R.V. & Spencer, R.J. (1990): Tidal channel, levee, and crevasse-splay deposits from a Cambrian tidal channel system: a new mechanism to produce shallowing-upward sequences.—J. Sed. Petrol.60, 73–83, 10 Figs., Tulsa
Cluff, R.M. (1984): Carbonate sand shoals in the Middle Mississippian (Valmeyeran) Salem-St. Louis-Ste. Genevieve Limestone, Illinois Basins.—In: Harris, P.M. (ed.): Carbonate sands —A core workshop.—Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Core Workshop5, 94–135, 13 Figs., Tulsa
Cluzell, C., Cadet, J.P. & Lapierre, H. (1990): Geodynamics of the Ogcheon belt (South Korea).—Tectonophys183, 41–56, 7 Figs., Amsterdam
Cluzel, D., Jolivet, L. & Cadet, J.P. (1991): Early Middle Paleozoic intraplate orogeny in the Ogcheon belt (South Korea): a new insight on the Paleozoic buildup of East Asia.—Tectonics,10, 1130–1151, 20 Figs., 1 Table, Washington, D.C.
Demicco, R.V. (1985): Patterns of platform and off-platform carbonates of the Upper Cambrian of western Maryland.— Sedimentology32, 1–22, 16 Figs., 1 Table, Oxford
Elrick, M. (1995): Cyclostratigraphy of Middle Devonian carbonates of the eastern Great Basin.—J. Sed. Petrol.B65, 61–79, 8 Figs., Tulsa
Elrick, M. & Read, J.F. (1991): Cyclic ramp-to-basin carbonate deposits, Lower Mississippian, Wyoming and Montana: A combined field and computer modeling study.—J. Sed. Petrol.61, 1194–1224, 10 Figs., 2 Tables, Tulsa
Enos, P. (1983): Shelf.—In: Scholle, P.A., Bebout, D.G. & Moore, C.H. (eds.): Carbonate depositional environments.—Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem.33, 267–296, 25Figs., 2 Tables, Tulsa
Esteban, M.K. & Klappa, C.F. (1983): Subaerial Exposure.—In: Scholle, P.A., Bebout, D.G. & Moore, C.H. (eds.): Carbonate depositional environments.—Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem.33, 1–54, 94 Figs., 2 Tables, Tulsa
Evan, G., Murray, J.W., Biggs, H.E., Bate, R. & Bush, P.R. (1973): The oceanography, ecology, sedimentology and geomorphology of parts of the Trucial Coast barrier island complex, Persian Gulf.—In: Purser, B.H. (ed.): The Persian Gulf.—233–278, 19 Figs., 5 Tables, Berlin (Springer)
Evans, C.C. (1984): Development of an ooid shoal complex: the importance of antecedent and syndepositional topography.— In: Harris, P.M. (ed.): Carbonate sands—A core workshop.— Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Core Workshop5, 392–428, 15 Figs., Tulsa
Feng, Z., Chen, J. & Wu, S. (1989): Lithofacies paleogeography of Early Paleozoic of North China platform.—Acta Sediment. Sinica7, 15–55, 5 Figs., Bei**g
Flügel, E. (1982): Microfacies Analysis of Limestones, 633 p., Heidelberg (Springer)
Fortey, R.A. (1984): Global earlier Ordovician transgressions and regressions and their biological implications.—In: Bruton, D.L. (ed.): Aspects of the Ordovician system.—37–50, 10 Figs., Oslo (Universitetsforlaget)
Gawthrope, R.V. (1986): Sedimentation during carbonate rampto-slope evolution in a tectonically active area; Bowland Basin (Dinantian), northern England.—Sedimentology33, 185–206, 12 Figs., Oxford
Ginsburg, R.N. (1971): Landward movement of carbonate mud: new model for regressive cycles in carbonates.—Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.55, 340, Tulsa
Goldhammer, R.K., Dunn, P.A. & Hardie, L.A. (1987): High frequency glacio-eustatic sea level oscillations with Milankovitch characteristics recorded in Middle Triassic platform carbonates in northern Italy.—Am. J. Sci.287, 853–892, 17 Figs., 2 Tables, New Haven
Goodwin, P.W. & Anderson, E.A. (1985): Punctuated aggradational cycles: a general hypothesis of stratigraphic accumulation.—J. Geol.93, 515–533, 12 Figs., Chicago
Hanford, C.R. (1986): Facies and bedding sequences in shelf-storm deposited carbonates-Fayetteville shoal and Pitkin Limestone (Mississippian), Arkansas.—J. Sed. Petrol.56, 123–137, 15 Figs., Tulsa
Haq, B.U., Hardenbol, J. & Vail P.R. (1987): Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic.—Science235, 1153–1165, 5 Figs., Washington, D.C.
Hardie, L.A. & Shinn, E.A. (1986): Carbonate depositional environments, modern and ancient: Part 3: Tidal Flats.—Col. Sch. Mines Quart.81, 1–74, 85 Figs., 2 Tables, Golden
Haubour, J.L. & Mathis, R.L. (1984): Sedimentation, diagenesis and porosity evolution of carbonate sands in the Black Lake Field of central Louisiana.—In: Harris, P.M. (ed.): Carbonate sands—A core workshop.—Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Core Workshop5, 306–333, 14 Figs., Tulsa
Hine, A.C. (1977): Lily Bank, Bahamas: history of an active oolite sand shoals.—J. Sed. Petrol.47, 1554–1582, 25 Figs., Tulsa
Hyeong, K. & Lee, Y.I. (1992): Depositional facies of oolitic grainstones in the Ordovician Duwibong Formation, Korea.— J. Geol. Soc. Korea28, 227–238, 9 Figs., 1 Table, Seoul
James, N.P. (1984): Shallowing-upward sequences in carbonates. —In: Walker, R.G. (ed.): Facies models.—Geol. Assoc. Canada Reprint Ser.2, 213–229, 19 Figs., Toronto
Jehn, P.J. & Young, L.M. (1976): Depositional environments of the Pitkin Formation, northern Arkansas.—J. Sed. Petrol.46, 377–386, 15 Figs., 1 Table, Tulsa
Kim, J.C. & Lee, Y.I. (1998): Cyclostratigraphy of the Lower Ordovician Dumugol Formation, Korea: Meter-scale cyclicity and sequence stratigraphic interpretation.—Geosci. J.2, 134–147, 8 Figs., 1 Table, Seoul
Kobayashi, T.C. (1966): The Cambro-Ordovician formations and faunas of South Korea. Part X. Stratigraphy of Chosen Group in Korea and South Manchuria and its relation to the Cambro-Ordovician formations of other areas. Sect. A, The Chosen Group of South Korea.—J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. II.16, 1–84, 4 Figs., 10 Tables, Tokyo
Koerschner, W.F. & Read, J.F. (1989): Field and modelling studies of Cambrian carbonate cycles, Virginia Appalachians.—J. Sed. Petrol.59, 654–687, 23 Figs., 5 Tables, Tulsa
Kreisa, R.D. (1981): Storm-generated sedimentary structures in subtidal marine facies with examples from the Middle and Upper Ordovician of southwestern Virginia.—J. Sed. Petrol.51, 823–848, 16 Figs., 1 Table, Tulsa
Lee, K.W. & Lee, H.Y. (1990): Conodont biostratigraphy of the Upper Choson Supergroup in Jangseong-Dongieomarea, Gangweon-do.—J. Paleont. Soc. Korea6, 188–210, 3 Pls., 3 Figs., 4 Tables, Seoul
Lee, Y.I. (1988): Storm sedimentation in the Middle Ordovician Duwibong Formation in southern Taebaeg City.—J. Geol. Soc. Korea24, 234–242, 12 Figs., Seoul
Lee, Y.I. & Kim, J.C. (1992): Storm-influenced siliciclastic and carbonate ramp deposits, the Lower Ordovician Dumugol Formation, South Korea.—Sedimentology39, 951–969, 11 Figs., 2 Tables, Oxford
Markello, J.R. & Read, J.F. (1981): Carbonate ramp-to-deeper shelf transitions of an Upper Cambrian intrashelf basin, Nolichucky Formation, southwest Virginia Appalachians.— Sedimentology28, 573–597, 12 Figs., 1 Table, Oxford
Matthews, R.K. (1984): Dynamic Stratigraphy: An Introduction to Sedimentation and Stratigraphy.—2nd ed., 489 p, Englewood Cliffs (Prentice-Hall)
Meng, X. & Ge, M. (1996, Eds.): Sinian-Ordovician Paleogeography. Cyclicity-Rhythm and Sedimentary Events of China. 189 p., Bei**g (International Academic Publishers)
Meng, X., Ge, M. & Tucker, M.E. (1997): Sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambro-Ordovician of the North China carbonate platform.—Sed. Geol.114, 189–222, 23 Figs., 1 Table, Amsterdam
Namy, J.N. (1974): Early diagenetic chert in the Marble Falls Group (Pennsylvanian) of central Texas.—J. Sed. Petrol.94, 1262–1268, 3 Figs., Tulsa
Osleger, D.A. (1991): Subtidal carbonate cycles: Implications fro allocyclic vs. autocyclic controls.—Geology19, 917–920, 2 Figs., Boulder
Osleger, D.A. & Read, J.F. (1991): Relation of eustacy to stacking patterns of meter-scale carbonate cycles, Late Cambrian, U.S.A. —J. Sed. Petrol.61, 1225–1252, 16 Figs., 4 Tables, Tulsa
Paik, I.S. & Lee, Y.I. (1989): Storm deposits of the Lower Ordovician Mungog Formation in the vicinity of Machari, Yeongweol, Kangweondo, Korea.—J. Geol. Soc. Korea25, 337–346, 6 Figs., Seoul
Poncet, J. (1984): Microfabric and origin of Cambrian carbonate ooids: examples from the Cambrian oolite of Carteret (northeastern Amorican Massif, France).—Sed. Geol.39, 273–280, 5 Figs., Amsterdam
Purser, B.H. & Evans, G. (1973): Regional sedimentation along the Trucial Coast, southeast Persian Gulf.—In: Purser, B.H. (ed.): The Persian Gulf.—211–232, 14 Figs., 1 Table, Berlin (Springer)
Read, J.F. (1985): Carbonate platform facies model.—Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.69, 1–21, 10 Figs., Tulsa
Read, J.F. & Goldhammer, R.K. (1988): Use of Fischer plots to define 3rd order sea level curves in peritidal cyclic carbonates, Early Ordovician, Appalachians.—Geology16, 895–899, 5 Figs., Boulder
Read, J.F., Grotzinger, J.P., Bova, J.A. & Koerschner, W.F. (1984): Models for generation of carbonate cycles.—Geology14, 107–110, 5 Figs., Boulder
Simpson, J. (1987): Mud-dominated storm deposits from Lower Carboniferousramp.—Geol. J.22, 191–205, 10 Figs., Chichester
Smosna, R.A. (1984): Sedimentary facies and early diagenesis of an oolite complex from the Silurian of West Virginia.—In: Harris, P.M. (ed.): Carbonate sands—A core workshop.—Soc. Econ. Paleontol. Mineral. Core Workshop5, 50–27, 8 Figs., Tulsa
Somerville, I.D. & Strogen, P. (1992): Ramp sedimentation in the Dinantian limestones of the Shannon Trough, Co. Limerick, Ireland.—Sed. Geol.79, 59–75, 8 Figs., Amsterdam
Specht, K.W. & Brenner, R.L. (1979): Storm-wave genesis of bioclastic carbonates in Upper Jurassic epicontinental mudstone, east-central Wyoming.—J. Sed. Petrol.49, 1307–1322, 15 Figs., Tulsa
Todd, R.G. (1976): Oolite-bar progradation, San Andres Formation, Midland Basin, Texas.—Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull.60, 907–925, 12 Figs., 2 Tables, Tulsa
Vail, P.R., Mitchum, R.M., Jr., Todd, T.G., Eidmier, F.M., Thompson, S., III, Sangree, F.B., Bubb, J.N. & Hatlelid, W.G. (1977): Seismic stratigraphy and global changes in sea level.—In: Payton, C.E. (ed.): Seismic stratigraphy—Application to hydrocarbons. —Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Mem.26, 49–212, 103 Figs., 5 Tables, Tulsa
Wagner, C.W. & Van der Togt, C. (1973): Holocene sediment types and their distribution in the southern Persian Gulf.—In: Purser, B.H. (ed.): The Persian Gulf.—123–156, 20 Figs., 1 Table, Berlin (Springer)
Whalen, M.T. (1988): Depositional history of an Upper Triassic drowned carbonate platform sequences: Wallowa terrane, Oregon and Idaho.—Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.100, 1097–1110, 9 Figs., Boulder
Wright, V.P. (1986): Facies sequences on a carbonate ramp: the Carboniferous Limestone of south Wales.—Sedimentology33, 221–241, 18 Figs., Oxford
Yoo, C.M. & Lee, Y.I. (1997): Depositional cyclicity of the Middle Ordovician Yeongheung Formation, Korea.—Carbonates & Evaporites12, 192–203, 7 Figs., 2 Tables, Troy
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lee, Y.I., Hyeong, K. & Yoo, C.M. Cyclic sedimentation across a Middle Ordovician carbonate ramp (Duwibong Formation), Korea. Facies 44, 61–73 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668167
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02668167