Abstract
Allergic diseases such as allergen-induced rhinitis represent an inflammatory reaction that is characterized by the chemotaxis and activation of various cell populations. A high degree of cell-to-cell communication is needed to orchestrate this inflammatory immune response. A variety of cytokines and adhesion receptors seem to play an important role in the allergic late phase reaction. Here we demonstrate that proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-1, IL-8 and TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) can be detected in nasal secretions and mucosa by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. The increased expression of adhesion receptors in mucosa specimens of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis points to their role in regulating the cellular migration and probably represents a key event in allergic inflammation. We established an in vitro model using freshly taken nasal mucosa to study the induction of adhesion receptors by proinflammatory cytokines. E-selectin, an endothelial receptor, was strongly upregulated by IL-1β, TNF-α and allergen. The induction due to allergen exposure of the mucosa was markedly inhibited by soluble cytokine receptors (sIL-1R, TNF-BP) or by a receptor antagonist (IL-Ira) and prednisolone, These findings indicate that proinflammatory cytokines may be key factors for the upregulation of adhesion processes in human nasal mucosa and the activation of various cell populations involved in the allergic inflammation. They therefore represent a main target for new therapeutic strategies.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdolrasulnia R, Shepherd YL (1992) Purification of type I and type II tumor necrosis factor receptors from human lung tissue. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 7:42–48
Albelda SM, Buck CA (1990) Integrins and other cell adhesion molecules. FASEB J 4:2868–2880
Bachert C, Ganzer U (1993) Die Rolle der proinflammatorischen Zytokine bei der Rekrutierung von Entziindungszellen an der Nase. Laryngol Rhinol Otol 72:585–589
Bachert C, Prohaska P, Pipkorn U (1990) IgE-positive mast cells on the human nasal mucosal surface in response to allergen exposure. Rhinology 28:149–158
Bachert C, Behrendt H, Hauser U, Ganzer U (1991) Possible role of macrophages in allergic rhinitis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 94:244–245
Bachert C, Seyfarth M, Plümpe S, Holtappels G (1992) Proinflammatory cytokines in nasal lavage fluid after allergen challenge. J Allergy Clin Immunol 89:179
Bachert C, Seyfarth M, Plümpe S (1992) Zellregulation durch Zytokine bei der allergischen Rhinitis. Allergologie 15:180–184
Bazzoni F, Cassatella MA, Rossi F, Ceska M, Dewald B, Baggiolini M (1991) Phagocytosing neutrophils produce and release high amounts of the neutrophil-activating peptide 1/interleukin 8. J Exp Med 173:771–774
Bevilacqua MP, Poper IS, Mendrich DL, et al (1987) Identification of an inducible endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84:9238–9242
Bischoff SC, Krieger M, Brunner T, Rot A, Tscharner V von, Baggiolini M, Dahinden CA (1993) RANTES and related chemokines activate human basophil granulocytes through different G protein-coupled receptors. J Immunol 23:761–767
Bochner BS, Charlesworth EN, Lichtenstein LM, Derse CP, Gillis S, Dinarello CA, Schleimer RP (1990) Interleukin-I is released at sites of human cutaneous allergic reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 88:830–839
Borish L, Mascali JJ, Rosenwasser LJ (1991) IgE-dependent cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear phagocytes. J Immunol 146:63–67
Borish L, Mascali JJ, Dishuck J, et al. (1992) Detection of alveolar macrophage-derived IL-1-β in asthma. J Immunol 149:3078–3082
Broide DH, Lotz M, Cuomo AJ, Coburn DA, Federman EC, Wasserman SI (1992) Cytokines in symptomatic asthma airways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 89:958–967
Butcher EC (1990) Cellular and molecular mechanisms that direct leukocyte traffic. Am J Pathol 136:3–11
Calderon E, Lockey RF (1992) A possible role for adhesion molecules in asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 90:852–865
Cromwell O, Hamid Q, Corrigan CJ, Barkans J, Meng Q, Collins PD, Kay AB (1992) Expression and generation of interleukin-8, IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor by bronchial epithelial cells and enhancement by IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Immunology 77:330–337
Damme Jo van (1991) Interleukin-8 and related molecules. In: Thomsen A (ed) The cytokine handbook. Academic Press, London, pp 201–214
DeForge LE, Tracey DE, Kenney JS, Remick DG (1992) Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein inhibits interleukin-8 expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human whole blood. Am J Pathol 140: 1045–1054
Detmers PA, Lo SK, Olsen-Egbert E, Walz A, Baggiolini M, Cohn ZA (1990) Neutrophil-activating protein 1/interleukin 8 stimulates the binding activity of the leukocyte adhesion receptor CDllb/CD18 on human neutrophils. J Exp Med 171:155–162
Dinarello CA (1991) Interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 antagonism. Blood 77:1627–1652
Dinarello CA, Thompson RC (1991) Blocking IL-1: interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in vivo and in vitro. Immunol Today 12:404–410
Durham S, Yung S, Varney VA, et al (1992) Cytokine messenger RNA expression for IL-3, IL-4, IL-5 and GM-CSF in the nasal mucosa after local allergen provocation. J Immunol 148:2390–2394
Enerbäck L, Pipkorn U, Granerus G (1986) Intraepithelial migration of nasal mucosal mast cells in hay fever. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 80:44–51
Frew AJ, Kay AB (1990) Eosinophils and T-lymphocytes in late-phase allergic reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 85:533–539
Gosset P, Tsicopoulos A, Wallaert B, et al (1992) Tumor necrosis factor alpha and IL-6 production by human mononuclear phagocytes from allergic asthmatics after IgE-dependent stimulation. Am Rev Respir Dis 146:768–774
Harlan JM (1993) Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndrome: insights into the molecular basis of leukocyte emigration. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 67:816–824
Hogg N (1992) Roll, roll, roll your leucocyte gently down the vein... Immunol Today 13:113–115
Juliusson S, Bachert C, Klementsson H, Pipkorn U (1991) Macrophages on the nasal mucosal surface in provoked and naturally occurring allergic rhinitis. Acta Otolaryngol (Stockh) 111:946–953
Kips JC, Tavernier JH, Joos GF, Peleman RA, Pauwels RA (1993) The potential role of tumor necrosis factor-α in asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 23:247–250
Krieger M, Brunner T, Bischoff SC, Tscharner V von, Walz A, Moser B, Baggiolini M, Dahinden CY (1992) Activation of human basophils through the IL-8 receptor. J Immunol 149:2662–2667
Kunkel SL, Stricter RM, Chensue SW, Basha M, Standiford T, Ham J, Remick DG (1990) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and chemotactic cytokines. Prog Clin Biol Res 349:1010–1020
Larrick JW, Wright SC (1992) Native cytokine antagonists. Baillieres Clin Haematol 5:681–702
Lawrence MB, Springer TA (1991) Leukocytes roll on a selectin at physiologic flow rates: distinction from and prerequisite for adhesion through integrins. Cell 65:859–873
Mantovani A, Bussolino F, Dejana E (1992) Cytokine regulation of endothelial cell function. FASEB J 6:2591–2599
Mattoli S, Mattoso VL, Soloperto M, Allegra L, Fasoli A (1991) Cellular and biochemical characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in symptomatic nonallergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 87:794–802
Montefort A, Feather IH, Wilson SJ, et al. (1992) The expression of leucocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules is increased in perennial allergic rhinitis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 7:393–398
Pipkorn U, Karlsson G, Enerbdck L (1988) The cellular response of the human allergic mucosa to allergen exposure. J Allergy Clin Immunol 81:172–178
Schleimer RP, Sterbinsky SA, Kaiser J, et al. (1992) Interleukin 4 induces adherence of human eosinophils and basophils but not neutrophils to endothelium: association with expression of VCAM-1. J Immunol 148:1086
Slack J, McMahan CJ, Waugh S, Schooley K, Spriggs MK, Sims JE, Dower SK (1993) Independent binding of interleukin1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta to type I and II interleukin-1 receptors. J Biol Chem 268:2513–2524
Springer TA (1990) Adhesion receptors of the immune system. Nature 346:425–434
Stricter RM, Chensue SW, Basha MA, Standiford TJ, Lynch JP III, Baggiolini M, Kunkel SL (1990) Human alveolar macrophage gene expression of interleukin-8 by tumor necrosis factor-α, lipopolysaccharide, and interleukin-1β. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2:321–326
Tartaglia LA, Goeddel DV (1992) Two TNF receptors. Immunol Today 13:151–153
Ying S, Robinson DS, Varney V, Meng Q, Tsicopoulos A, Moqbel R, Durham SR, Kay AB, Hamid Q (1991) TNFα mRNA expression in allergic inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 21:745–750
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bachert, C., Hauser, U., Prem, B. et al. Proinflammatory cytokines in allergic rhinitis. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 252 (Suppl 1), S44–S49 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484434
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02484434