SpringerLink
Log in

Nutritional quality of proteins in grain sorghum

  • Published:
Qualitas Plantarum Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Grain sorghum is low in protein content Lysine, threonine and tryptophan are the limiting amino acids in the proteins of grain Sorghum. Protein fractionation studies have shown that prolamine and glutelin are the principal protein fractions. Increase in protein content of grain Sorghum leads to an increase in prolamin fraction and decreases the nutritional quality. Environmental factors such as location, chemical fertilizers, plant population and chemical treatments influence the protein content and amino acid pattern. The presence of tannins in grain Sorghum reduces the digestibility and nutritional quality.

Zusammenfassung

Die Caryopsen von Sorghum-Hirse haben einen geringen Eiweißgehalt. Lysin, Threonin und Tryptophan sind die limitierenden Aminosäuren ihres Eiweißes. Untersuchungen über die Eiweiß-Frankrionierung haben ergeben, daß Prolamin und Glutelin die Haupt-Eiweißfranktionen sind. Erhöhung des Eiweißgehaltes von Sorghum-Korn führt zur Erhöhung der Prolamin-Fraktion und damit zum Abfall der Biologischen Eiweißwertigkeit. Umweltfaktoren, wie Standort, chemische Dünger, Pflanzendichte und chemische Pflanzen-Behandlung beeinflussen den Eiweißgehalt und die Art des Aminosäuremusters. Anwesenheit von Tanninen (Gerbstoffen), im Sorghum-Korn reduzieren seine Verdaulichkeit und die Biologische Eiweißwertigkeit.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
EUR 32.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or Ebook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

We’re sorry, something doesn't seem to be working properly.

Please try refreshing the page. If that doesn't work, please contact support so we can address the problem.

References

  • Armstrong, W.D., Featherston, W.R., & Rogler, J.C. 1973. Influence of methionine and other dietary additions on the performance of chicks fed bird resistant sorghum grain diets.Poul. Sci. 52, 1592–1599.

    Google Scholar 

  • Axtell, J.D., Oswalt, D.L. Mertz, E.T., Pickett, R.C., Jambunathan, R., & Srinivasan, G. 1973. Components of nutritional quality of grain sorghum.Proc. of the Second Intl. Symp. on Protein Quality in Maize, El Batan, Mexico, Dec., 1972.

  • Beckwith, A.C. 1972. Grain sorghum glutelin. Isolation and characterization.J. Agric. Food Chem. 20, 761–764.

    Google Scholar 

  • Belvady, B., Madhavan, T.A., & Gopalan, C. 1967. Production of nicotinic acid deficiency in pups fed diets supplemented with leucine.Gastroenterology 53, 749–753.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benton, D.A., Harper, A.E., Spivey, H.E. & Elvehjem, C.A. 1956. Leucine, isoleucine and valine relationships in the rats.Arch. Biochem. 60, 147–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bressani, R., & Rios, B.J. 1962. The chemical and essential amino acid composition of twenty-five selections of grain sorghum.Cereal Chem. 39, 50–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burleson, C.E. 1956. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on yield and protein content of grain sorghum in the lower Rio-Grande Valley of Texas.Agron. J. 48, 524–525.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A.R., & Pickett, R.C. 1968. Effect of nitrogen fertilization on protein quality and quantity and certain onther factors of 19 strains ofSorghum bicolor (L) Moench.Crop Sci. 8, 545–549.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chakravorty, S.C. 1969. Chemical study of sorghum as a staple food in India. Protein content in relation or color of jowar grain.J. Sci. Tech., Part B, 127–129.

  • Chang, S.I., & Fuller, H.L. 1964. Effect of tannin content of grain sorghum on their feeding value on growing chicks.Poul. Sci. 43, 32–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, F.C. & Pickett, R.C. 1972. Combining ability for grain yield, per cent protein and g lysine/100 g protein ofSorghum bicolor (L) Moench.Crop Sci. 12, 423–427.

    Google Scholar 

  • Conner, J.K., Hurwood, I.S., Burton, H.W., & Fuelling, D.E. 1969. Some nutritional aspects of feeding sorghum of high tannin content to growing chickens.Austral. J. Exp. Agric. Animal Husb. 9, 497–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deosthale, Y.G., Mohan, V.S., & Rao, V. 1970. Varietal differences in protein, lysine and leucine content of grain sorghum.J. Argric. Food Chem. 18, 644–646.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deosthale, Y.G., Nagarajan, V., & Visweswar Rao, K. 1972. Some factors influencing the nutrient composition of sorghum grain.Ind. J. Agric. Sci. 42, 100–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deyoe, C.W., & Shellenberger, J.A. 1965. Nutritive value of grains, amino acids and proteins in grain sorghum.J. Agric. Food Chem. 13, 446–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Deyoe, C.W., Shoup, F.K., Miller, G.D., Bathurst, J., Liang, D., Sanford, P.E. & Murphy, L.S. 1970. Amino acid composition and energy value of immature sorghum grains.Cereal Chem. 47, 363–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eggum, B.O. 1974. Factors affecting the protein value in cereal grains.Indian Soc. Nuclear Tech. Agric. Biol. Newsl. 3, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Florence, H.D. 1968. M.S. Thesis, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller, H.L., Potter, D.K., & Brown, A.R. 1966. The feeding value of grain sorghums in relationship to their tannin content. Tech. Bull. N.S. 176.Ga. Agr. Exp. Sta., Athens, Ga.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein, J.L., & Swain, T. 1965. The inhibition of enzymes by tannins.Phytochem. 4, 185–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gopalan, C., & Srikantia, S.G. 1960. Leucine and pellagra.Lancet 1, 954–957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Handler, P., & Baker, R.D. 1944. Toxicity of orally administered tannic acid.Science 99, 393–394.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, H.B. 1969. Bird resistance in grain sorghum.Proc. 24th Ann. Corn and Sorghum Res. Conf., Chicago, pp. 113–122.

  • Harris, H.B., & Berns, R.E. 1970. Influence of tannin content on preharvest seed germination in sorghum.Agron. J. 62, 835–836.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, H.B., & Berns, R.E. 1973. Relationship between tannin content of sorghum grain and preharvest seed molding.Agron. J. 65, 956–959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, H.B., Johnson, B.J. & Stacy, S.V. 1964. Georgia 615 hybrid sorghum.Ga. Exp. Sta., Lft. No. N.S. 43, 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Horn, P.J., & Schwartz, H.M. 1967. Kaffir corn matting and brewing studies. IX. Amino acid composition of kaffir corn.J. Sci. Food Agric. 12, 457–462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howe, E.E., Jansen, G.R., & Gilfillan, E.W. 1965.Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 16, 315–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jambunathan, R., & Mertz, E.T. 1973. Relationship between tannin levels, rat growth and distribution of proteins in sorghum.J. Agric. Food Chem. 21, 692–696.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joslyn, M.A., & Glick, Z. 1969. Comparative effects of gallotannic acid and related phenolics on the growth of rats.J. Nutr. 98, 119–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lamb, M.W., Michie, J.M., & Rivers, J.M. 1966. Comparison of the nutritive value of three sorghum grains with that of wheat.Cereal Chem. 43, 447–456.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lease, E.J., & Mitchell, J.H. 1940. A study on the tannins of Lespedaza sericea.So. Car. Agr. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep. 53, 710–714.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maxson, E.D., Rooney, L.W., Lewis, R.W., Clark, L.E. & Johnson, J.W. 1973. The relationship between tannin content, enzyme inhibition, rat performance and characteristics of sorghum grains.Nutr. Rep. Int. 8, 145–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGinty, D.D. 1968a. Factors affecting the digestibility of the varieties of sorghum grain by cattle. Ph.D. Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

    Google Scholar 

  • McGinty, D.D. 1968b. Variation in digestibility of sorghum varieties.Proc. 6th Biennial Int. Grain Sorghum Res. and Utilization Conf. (Amarillo, Tex., March 5–7, 1969), 20–23.

  • McMillian, W.W., Wiseman, B.R., Burns, R.E., Harris, H.B., & Greene, G.L. 1972. Bird resistance in diverse germplasm of sorghum.Agron. J. 64, 821–822.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mertz, E.T., Bates, L.S., & Nelson, O.E. 1964. Mutant gene that changes protein composition and increases lysine content of maize endosperm.Science 145, 279–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, B.S., & Kneen, E. 1947. The amylase inhibitor of Leoti sorghum.Arch. Biochem. 15, 251–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, G.D., Deyoe, C.W., Walter, T.L., & Smith, F.W. 1964. Variation in protein levels in Kansas sorghum grain.Agron. J. 56, 302–304.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohan, V.S. 1968. Varietal differences in protein quality of cereal and millets.J.P.G. School IARI, New Delhi, 6, 123–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morton, J.R. 1970. Tentative correlations of plant usage and esophageal cancer zones.Economic Botany 24, 217–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naik, M.S. 1970. Lysine and tryptophan in protein fractions of sorghum.Ind. J. Genet. Plant Breed. 28, 142–146.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niehaus, M.H., & Schmidt, W.H. 1970. Evaluation of bird resistance of grain sorghum in Ohio.Agron. J. 62, 677–678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishimuta, J.F., Sherrod, L.B., & Furr, R.D. 1969.Proc. West. Sect. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 20, 259–262.

    Google Scholar 

  • Osborne, T.B., & Mendel, L.B. 1914. Nutritive properties of maize kernel.J. Biol. Chem. 18, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oswalt, D.L. 1973. Nutritional quality ofSorghum bicolor (L) Moench. as affected by polyphenols, crude protein, amino acid composition and rat performance. Ph.D. Thesis. Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ringrose, R.C., & Morgon, C.L. 1940. The nutritive value of lespedeza for poultry feeding.So. Car. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep. 53, 91–92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostango, H.S., Featherston, W.R., & Rogler, J.C. 1973a. Studies on the nutritive value of sorghum grains with varying tannin contents for chicks.Poul. Sci. 52, 765–772.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rostango, H.S., Rogler, J.C., & Featherston, W.R. 1973b. Studies on the nutritive value of sorghum grains with varying tannin contents for chicks. Amino acid digestibility studies.Poul. Sci. 52, 772–778.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rayudu, G.V.N., Kadirvel, R., Vohra, P., & Kratzer, F.H. 1970. Toxicity of tannic acid and its metabolites for chickens.Poul. Sci. 49, 957–960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samford, R.A., Riggs, J.K., Rooney, L.W., & Coon, J.C. 1970.Proc. West. Sect. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 21, 123.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, E.D., Earley, E.B., & De Turk, E.E. 1952. Nitrogen fractions of the component parts of the corn kernel as affected by selection and soil nitrogen.Agron. J. 44, 161–164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shelton, M., Couch, J.R., Hole, F., Jones, J.H., Leighton, R.E., Lyman, C.M., & Briggs, J.K. 1951. Grain sorghum byproduct feeds for farm animals.Texas Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull, 743.

  • Sherrod, L.B., Albin, R.C., & Furr, R.D. 1969.J. Anim. Sci. 29, 997.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoup, F.K., Deyoe, C.W., Campbell, J., & Passish, D.B. 1969. Amino acid composition and nutritive value of milled sorghum grain products.Cereal Chem. 46, 164–171.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, B., Wu, M.T., & Salunkhe, D.K. 1972. The use of chemicals to increase leaf seed proteins of certain crops.Plant Foods Human Nutr. 2, 171–184.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smart, W.W.G., Bell, T.A., Jr., Stanley, N.W., & Cope, W.A. 1961. Inhibition of rumen cellulase by an extract from Sericea forage.J. Dairy Sci. 44, 1945–1946.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strumeyer, D.H., & Malin, M.I. 1969. Identification of the amylase inhibitor from seeds of Leoti sorghum.Biochem. Biophys. Acta. 184, 643–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaminathan, M.S., Austin, A., Kaul, A.K., & Naik, M.S. 1969.New approaches to breeding for improved plant proteins IAEA, Vienna, p. 71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swaminathan, M.S., Naik, M.S., Kaul, A.K., & Austin, A. 1970. Choice of strategy for the genetic upgrading of protein properties in cereals, millets and pulses. InImproved plant protein nuclear techniques IAEA, Vienna, p. 165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamir, M., & Alumot, E. 1969. Inhibition of digestive enzymes by condensed tannins from green and ripe carobs.J. Sci. Food Agric. 20, 199–202.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamir, M., & Alumot, E. 1970. Carob tannins, growth depression and levels of insoluble nitrogen in the digestive tract of rats.J. Nutr. 100, 573–580.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tribe, L. 1971. Grain sorghum in swine rations.Seventh Biennial Grain Sorghum Research and Utilization Conference, p. 54.

  • Tweedy, J.A., Kern, A.D., Kapusta, G., & Mills, D.E. 1971. Yield and nitrogen content of wheat and sorghum treated with different rates of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicides.Agron. J. 63, 216–228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Virupaksha, T.K., & Sastry, L.V.S. 1968. Studies on the protein content and amino acid composition of some varieties of grain sorghum.J. Agric. Food Chem. 16, 199–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vivich, M.G., Kemmerer, A.R., Nimkar, B., & Lee, S.S. 1959. Nutritive value of low and high protein sorghum grains for growing chickens.Poul. Sci. 38, 36–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vohra, P., Karatzer, F.H., & Joslyn, M.A. 1966. The growth depressing and toxic effects of tannins on chicks.Poul, Sci. 45, 135–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Voigt, R.L. 1966. Bird resistant sorghum boost takehome yields.Prog. Agr. Ariz. 18, 30–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waggle, D.H., Parrish, D.B., & Deyoe, C.W. 1966. Nutritive value of protein in high and low protein content sorghum grains as measured by rat performance and amino acid averages.J. Nutr. 84, 370–374.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waggle, D.H., Deyoe, C.W., & Sanford, P.F. 1967a. Relationship of protein level of sorghum grain to its nutritive value as measured by chick performance and amino acid composition.Poul. Sci. 46, 655–664.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waggle, D.H., Deyoe, C.W., & Smith, F.W. 1967b. Effect of N fertilization on the amino acid composition and distribution of sorghum grain.Crop. Sci. 7, 367–368.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warsi, A.S., & Wright, B.C. 1973. Effects of rates and methods of nitrogen application on the quality of sorghum grain.Indian J. Agric. Sci. 43, 722–726.

    Google Scholar 

  • York, J.O., & Thurman, R.L. 1962. Aks 614 hybrid grain sorghum.Ark. Farm Res. 11, 5–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zubaidov, V. 1970. Nitrogen containing substances of the seeds of some varieties of sorghum.IZV-Alad Nauk Taazh, Ssr Old Biol. Nauk. 1, 22–29.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani, India

    D. K. Salunkhe, S. S. Kadam & J. K. Chavan

  2. Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, Utah State University, 84322, Logan, Utah, USA

    D. K. Salunkhe, S. S. Kadam & J. K. Chavan

Authors
  1. D. K. Salunkhe
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. S. Kadam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. J. K. Chavan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Salunkhe, D.K., Kadam, S.S. & Chavan, J.K. Nutritional quality of proteins in grain sorghum. Plant Food Hum Nutr 27, 187–205 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01092359

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01092359

Keywords

Search

Navigation