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The diagnostic value of triple head single photon emission computed tomography (3H-SPECT) in avascular necrosis of the femoral head

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Summary

Bone scans, triple head single photon emission computed tomography (3H-SPECT) and MRI scans were compared for their ability to detect avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN). 3H-SPECT was undertaken 5 hours after injection of 20 mCi of Tc-99m MDP for 20 minutes using a 3 detector rotating gamma camera (TRIAD, Trionix) equipped with ultra-high resolution collimators. The bone scan and 3H-SPECT were diagnosed as positive for AVN when a photopenic defect in the femoral head could be identified. The final diagnosis of AVN was established in 32 patients in 52 hips by MRI and/or histological findings. Unilateral disease was present in 11 patients, while 21 had bilateral disease. Of 32 patients and 52 hips, the bone scan, 3H-SPECT and MRI detected 37, 46 and 52 positive hips respectively. The sensitivity of 3H-SPECT (88.5%) was higher than that of the bone scans (71.5%), and was also higher than that previously reported using a single head SPECT. In AVN, the 3H-SPECT image was much clearer, and permitted more accurate localization of lesions than was possible by a bone scan. Studies including patients with diseases other than AVN and correlation with other methods of imaging is needed to define the role of 3H-SPECT in the diagnosis of AVN more precisely.

Résumé

Afin d'évaluer la valeur de la tomographie d'émission à simple photon, en haute résolution et obtenue à l'aide d'une caméra spéciale à trois têtes (3H-SPECT), dans le diagnostic de nécrose ischémique de la tête fémorale, une scintigraphie au TC-99m, une 3H-SPECT et une IRM ont été effectuées sur des patients suspectés de nécrose ischémique. La 3H-SPECT a été effectuée durant 20 minutes, 5 heures après injection de 20mCi de Tc-99m, à l'aide d'une gamma-caméra à 3 détecteurs rotatifs, équipée de collimateurs à ultra-haute résolution. En montrant un défect photonique, la scintigraphie et la 3H-SPECT ont permis le diagnostic de nécrose. Le diagnostic définitif de nécrose ischémique a pu être établi pour 32 patients et 52 hanches après l'IRM et/ou les constatations anatomo-pathologiques. Onze patients étaient atteints d'un seul côté et 21 étaient porteurs d'une nécrose bilatérale. Sur 32 patients et 52 hanches, la scintigraphie, la 3H-SPECT et l'IRM ont obtenu respectivement 37, 46 et 52 réactions positives. La sensibilité de la 3H-SPECT s'est donc révélée supérieure à celle de la scintigraphie (88.5% contre 71.5%) et supérieure également à celle, déjà rapportée, de la SPECT à tête unique. Dans la nécrose ischémique la 3H-SPECT donne une image plus claire et définit la zone atteinte de façon plus précise. Pour estimer le rôle de la 3H-SPECT dans le diagnostic de la nécrose ischémique il est nécessaire de poursuivre les recherches sur d'autres maladies et les études comparatives avec d'autres procédés radiologiques.

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Kim, K.Y., Lee, S.H., Moon, D.H. et al. The diagnostic value of triple head single photon emission computed tomography (3H-SPECT) in avascular necrosis of the femoral head. International Orthopaedics 17, 132–138 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00186372

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